Dehumanized gender identity: Critical reflection on neuroscience, power relationship and law

This article discusses the gender question which is directed towards power, whether it is family dynamics, scientific domain or another sociocultural arena. Gender was not discussed as prominently in various forums integrating neuroscience and law. The gender movement comprising feminist and queer group movement addressed various issues of prejudices in the legal domain including, the logic derived from the dominant male value system. This metatheory to critically address gender in various domains has an important role in the interdisciplinary social sciences. The context of the body in all forms were observed from the eye of the male observer rather than the eye of beholder of one’s body. The genesis of one’s existence in the context of gender was heavily theorized both in order to subjugate the matter of identity movement, ownership and self. Article discusses how the stereotypical view corresponding to the mythology and parasitic view prevalent in the history was made as fact through discourse construction, scientific appropriations, historical writings. Thus, identifying simplistic psychology of one’s agency, societal framing of the methods of socialization and institutionalizing the common sense of inferiority about one’s identity including the process of internalization along with the biological inferiority has maintained the gap in the gender equality

Predicting Israeli Public Support for Capital Punishment: Crime Type and Severity, Offender, Observer, and Victim Characteristics

This study investigates whether crime type and severity, as well as offender, observer, and victim characteristics predict public attitudes towards capital punishment in Israel. We surveyed Israeli citizens by phone. A random and representative sample of 594 participants, ages 20 to 74, read scenarios illustrating crimes and were asked about their perception of capital punishment as an appropriate punishment. The results indicate that most participants did not support capital punishment. Perceived high-crime severity, a crime that constitutes terrorism, and male observer (participant) status predicted 34% in an increased likelihood of supporting capital punishment. The discussion attributes the stronger support of capital punishment in cases of terrorism to the Israeli experience of chronic terrorism and explains gender differences by gender-role socialization.

Efficiency of Epidurally Injected lidocaine, lidocaine and Morphine or Lidocaine and Tramadol for Postoperative Analgesia in Dogs Following Orchiectomy and Ovariohysterectomy

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the postoperative analgesia provided by epidural lidocaine, lidocaine and morphine or lidocaine and tramadol in dogs following elective orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy. Thirty-six clinically healthy dogs, classified as class I and II according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification system, were randomly allocated into three groups of 12 each, with six females and six males. The dogs received 4mg/kg of lidocaine combined with 0.01ml/kg of 0.9% NaCl, 0.1mg/kg of morphine or 1.0mg/kg of tramadol epidurally. Postoperative pain was assessed 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours after epidural anaesthesia using the University of Melbourne pain scale (UMPS), by a single male observer who was blinded to the epidural protocol. According to the obtained results, evaluated epidural protocols provided sufficient and comparable postoperative analgesia throughout the complete 24-hours observation period. The appearance of vocalization or painful reaction to palpation of the wound surrounding tissue were absolutely absent. Values of 10 points, or higher, indicating the presence of moderate to severe pain and the necessity of additional analgesia, were not recorded. However, established quality of postoperative analgesia is probably not the sole result of epidural administration of drugs, but also analgesic activity of drugs used for general anaesthesia (xylazine and ketamine), and their mutual synergistic or additive effects.

Complicity and Rape

The case of R v Clarkson (1971) concerns the complicity of three non-participating observers to a vicious gang rape. The observers were charged with ‘encouraging’ the rape, but this was rejected by the Court of Appeal on the ground that two of them had been ‘mere’ observers, and there was no evidence that they had encouraged the perpetrators by word or gesture. This case is regularly cited to this day, without critical comment, as a limit on complicity under English common law. In this article, I want to challenge the Court of Appeal’s judgment and argue that the two observers should have been found complicit. My argument is based on the special nature of rape, and the capacity for a male observer to compound the female victim’s humiliation by their mere presence. My argument is even more justified in the case of Clarkson, I argue, because it took place on a British army base abroad.