Lipschitz symmetric functions on Banach spaces with symmetric bases

We investigate Lipschitz symmetric functions on a Banach space $X$ with a symmetric basis. We consider power symmetric polynomials on $\ell_1$ and show that they are Lipschitz on the unbounded subset consisting of vectors $x\in \ell_1$ such that $|x_n|\le 1.$ Using functions $\max$ and $\min$ and tropical polynomials of several variables, we constructed a large family of Lipschitz symmetric functions on the Banach space $c_0$ which can be described as a semiring of compositions of tropical polynomials over $c_0$.

Extremal balleans

<p>A ballean (or coarse space) is a set endowed with a coarse structure. A ballean X is called normal if any two asymptotically disjoint subsets of X are asymptotically separated. We say that a ballean X is ultra-normal (extremely normal) if any two unbounded subsets of X are not asymptotically disjoint (every unbounded subset of X is large). Every maximal ballean is extremely normal and every extremely normal ballean is ultranormal, but the converse statements do not hold. A normal ballean is ultranormal if and only if the Higson′s corona of X is a singleton. A discrete ballean X is ultranormal if and only if X is maximal. We construct a series of concrete balleans with extremal properties.</p>

Forcing Closed Unbounded Subsets of אω1+1

Using square sequences, a stationary subset ST of אω1+1 is constructed from a tree T of height ω1, uniformly in T. Under suitable hypotheses, adding a closed unbounded subset to ST requires adding a cofinal branch to T or collapsing at least one of ω1, אω1, and אω1+1. An application is that in ZFC there is no parameter free definition of the family of subsets of אω1+1 that have a closed unbounded subset in some ω1, אω1, and אω1+1 preserving outer model.

Iteration of certain meromorphic functions with unbounded singular values

Let ℳ={f(z)=(zm/sinhm z) for z∈ℂ∣ either m or m/2 is an odd natural number}. For eachf∈ℳ, the set of singularities of the inverse function offis an unbounded subset of the real line ℝ. In this paper, the iteration of functions in one-parameter family 𝒮={fλ(z)=λf(z)∣λ∈ℝ∖{0}} is investigated for eachf∈ℳ. It is shown that, for eachf∈ℳ, there is a critical parameterλ*>0 depending onfsuch that a period-doubling bifurcation occurs in the dynamics of functionsfλin 𝒮 when the parameter |λ| passes throughλ*. The non-existence of Baker domains and wandering domains in the Fatou set offλis proved. Further, it is shown that the Fatou set offλis infinitely connected for 0<∣λ∣≤λ*whereas for ∣λ∣≥λ*, the Fatou set offλconsists of infinitely many components and each component is simply connected.

A Gitik iteration with nearly Easton factoring

We reprove Gitik's theorem that if the GCH holds and o(κ) = κ + 1 then there is a generic extension in which κ is still measurable and there is a closed unbounded subset C of κ such that every ν ∈ C is inaccessible in the ground model.Unlike the forcing used by Gitik, the iterated forcing ℛλ+1 used in this paper has the property that if λ is a cardinal less then κ then ℛλ+1 can be factored in V as ℛκ+1 = ℛλ+1 × ℛλ+1,κ where ∣ℛλ+1∣ ≤ λ+ and ℛλ+1,κ does not add any new subsets of λ.

On models of the elementary theory of (Z, +, 1)

Let T1 be the complete first-order theory of the additive group of the integers with 1 as distinguished element (in symbols, T1 = Th(Z, +, 1)). In this paper we prove that all models of T1 are ℵ0-homogeneous (§2), classify them (and lists of elements in them) up to isomorphism or L∞κ-equivalence (§§3 and 4) and show that they may be as complex as arbitrary sets of real numbers from the point of view of admissible set theory (§5). The results of §§2 and 5 together show that while the Scott heights of all models of T1 are ≤ ω (by ℵ0-homogeneity) their HYP-heights form an unbounded subset of the cardinal .In addition to providing this unusual example of the relation between Scott heights and HYP-heights, the theory T1 has served (using the homogeneity results of §2) as an example for certain combinations of properties that people had looked for in stability theory (see end of §4). In §6 it is shown that not all models of T = Th(Z, +) are ℵ0-homogeneous, so that the availability of the constant for 1 is essential for the result of §2.The two main results of this paper (2.2 and essentially Theorem 5.3) were obtained in the summer of 1979. Later we learnt from Victor Harnik and Julia Knight that T1 is of some interest for stability theory, and were encouraged to write up our proofs.During 1982/3 we improved the proofs and added some results.

More on proper forcing

§1. A counterexample and preservation of “proper + X”.Theorem. Suppose V satisfies, , and for some A ⊆ ω1, every B ⊆ ω1, belongs to L[A].Then we can define a countable support iterationsuch that the following conditions hold:a) EachQiis proper and ⊩Pi “Qi, has power ℵ1”.b) Each Qi is -complete for some simple ℵ1-completeness system.c) Forcing with Pα = Lim adds reals.Proof. We shall define Qi by induction on i so that conditions a) and b) are satisfied, and Ci, is a Qi-name of a closed unbounded subset of ω1. Let : ξ < ω1› ∈ L[A] be a list of all functions f which are from δ to δ for some δ < ω1 and let h: ω1 → ω1, h ∈ L[A], be defined by h(α) = Min{β: β > α and Lβ[A]⊨ “∣α∣ = ℵ0”}.Suppose we have defined Qj for every j < i; then Pi is defined, is proper (as each Qj, j < i, is proper, and by III 3.2) and has a dense subset of power ℵ (by III 4.1). Let Gi ⊆ Pi be generic so clearly there is B ⊆ ω1, such that in V[Gi] every subset of ω1 belongs to L[A, B], The following now follows:Fact. In V[Gi], every countableN ⥽(H(ℵ2), ∈, A, B) is isomorphic toLβ[A ∩ δ, B ∩ δ] for some β < h(δ), where δ = δ(N) = ω1, ∩ N.

A selection theorem

In [1978] Harrington and MacQueen proved that if B is an (A, E)-semirecursive subset of A, such that the functions in BA can be coded as elements of A in an (A, E)-recursive way, then ENV(A, E) is closed under the existential quantifier ∃T ∈ B.Later Moschovakis showed that if ENV(Vκ, ∈, E) is closed under the quantifier ∃t ∈ λ, where λ is the p-cofinality of κ, thenthe p-cofinality of κ is the least ordinal λ for which there exists a (κ, <, E)-recursive partial function ƒ into κ, such that ƒ∣λ is total from λ onto an unbounded subset of κ.In this paper we prove that for any infinite ordinal κ if p-card(κ) = κ, then ENV(κ, <, E) is closed under ∃t ∈ μ, for μ < p-cf(κ); p-cf(κ) is the “boldface” analog of p-cf((κ) and p-card(κ) is defined similarly.From this follows that for any infinite ordinal κ the following two statements are equivalent.(i) ENV(κ, <, E) is closed under bounded existential quantification.(ii) ENV(κ, <, E) = ENV(κ, <, E#) or p-cf(κ) = κ.We also show that we cannot omit any of the hypotheses in the above theorem.We follow mainly the notation of Kechris and Moschovakis [1977].