Undecidability and the Evolution of Ideas in an Emergency Event: An Example of How to Systemically Test Organizational Effectiveness (OE) in University Groups

The location of this research is the university, through which we are progressively channeled into a seemingly insoluble Gordian knot. What is our participation in the university and what cultural and human commitments inform this participation? More trivially, what rights and duties does the individual acquire or lose within his or her academic identities? Our main target was finding an ideal organizational practice to examine, such as an emergency event. What strategy can the university adopt? Can it realign its distortions and retain its resources? How and in what ways? What information is needed for this purpose? Which actors are relevant in this process? A systemic survey model is, therefore, presented to analyze data obtained from a sample of 200 respondents from various academic groups, including students, professors, administrative staff, and other stakeholders. Quotas were used for the primary challenge posed by the pictures representing dimensions according to a systemic schema of organizational effectiveness (OE). Respondents were then asked to judge the dimensions and pictures against their personal capacity for intellectual identity, functionalism, and materialism. During the test, the participants were expected to develop their capacity to approach phenomenal consciousness and the search for its neural correlates, thereby becoming familiar with the high-order demands and challenges posed by the current information available to them. A nine-item interval behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) was used to develop a systemic matrix that could show the participants’ collective OE when an emergency event occurs at the university. This study aims to stimulate a broader investigation into the preparation of programs and plans that should be a priority today in the context of sustainability in educational institutions, thereby setting useful thresholds on decision-making paths. To develop the collective model, a matrix generated by each respondents’ dimensional modal values (DMVs) in the test and the overall samples’ modal values (OMMVs) were used. Borrowing from Luce’s theory of probability, we analyzed the similarity of the OE university matrix from the results in descending order, restricting our attention to modal values which were chosen for the test and demonstrate how the learning model was formulated to assume that each group with evolved behavior could respond adaptively to a conditional function thanks to its permanence in a university environment.

DRAV: Detection and repair of data availability violations in Internet of Things

The application of the Internet of Things has produced large amounts of data in different scenarios, which are accompanied with problems, such as consistency and integrity violations. Existing research on dealing with data availability violations is insufficient. In this work, the detection and repair of data availability violations (DRAV) framework is proposed to detect and repair data violations in Internet of Things with a distributed parallel computing environment. DRAV uses algorithms in the MapReduce programming framework, and these include detection and repair algorithms based on enhanced conditional function dependency for data consistency violation, MapJoin, and ReduceJoin algorithms based on master data for k-nearest neighbor–based integrity violation detection, and repair algorithms. Experiments are conducted to determine the effect of the algorithms. Results show that DRAV improves data availability in Internet of Things compared with existing methods by detecting and repairing violations.

A Suite of Therapeutically-Inspired Nucleic Acid Logic Systems for Conditional Generation of Single-Stranded and Double-Stranded Oligonucleotides

Several varieties of small nucleic acid constructs are able to modulate gene expression via one of a number of different pathways and mechanisms. These constructs can be synthesized, assembled and delivered to cells where they are able to impart regulatory functions, presenting a potential avenue for the development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. However, distinguishing aberrant cells in need of therapeutic treatment and limiting the activity of deliverable nucleic acid constructs to these specific cells remains a challenge. Here, we designed and characterized a collection of nucleic acids systems able to generate and/or release sequence-specific oligonucleotide constructs in a conditional manner based on the presence or absence of specific RNA trigger molecules. The conditional function of these systems utilizes the implementation of AND and NOT Boolean logic elements, which could ultimately be used to restrict the release of functionally relevant nucleic acid constructs to specific cellular environments defined by the high or low expression of particular RNA biomarkers. Each system is generalizable and designed with future therapeutic development in mind. Every construct assembles through nuclease-resistant RNA/DNA hybrid duplex formation, removing the need for additional 2′-modifications, while none contain any sequence restrictions on what can define the diagnostic trigger sequence or the functional oligonucleotide output.

Thiol switches in redox regulation of chloroplasts: balancing redox state, metabolism and oxidative stress

In photosynthesizing chloroplasts, rapidly changing energy input, intermediate generation of strong reductants as well as oxidants and multiple participating physicochemical processes and pathways, call for efficient regulation. Coupling redox information to protein function via thiol modifications offers a powerful mechanism to activate, down-regulate and coordinate interdependent processes. Efficient thiol switching of target proteins involves the thiol-disulfide redox regulatory network, which is highly elaborated in chloroplasts. This review addresses the features of this network. Its conditional function depends on specificity of reduction and oxidation reactions and pathways, thiol redox buffering, but also formation of heterogeneous milieus by microdomains, metabolite gradients and macromolecular assemblies. One major player is glutathione. Its synthesis and function is under feedback redox control. The number of thiol-controlled processes and involved thiol switched proteins is steadily increasing, e.g., in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, plastid transcription and plastid translation. Thus chloroplasts utilize an intricate and versatile redox regulatory network for intraorganellar and retrograde communication.

Primacy Effects and the Role of Risk in Auditor Belief-Revision Processes

Numerous studies in the audit judgment literature provide evidence indicating that auditors can be susceptible to recency effects. This study extends the research by examining auditor susceptibility to primacy, an order effect, which, like recency, can lead to suboptimal audit-planning decisions (see Ashton and Ashton 1988) and yet, unlike recency, has received very little attention in the accounting literature. Specifically, the research investigates whether primacy effects in auditor belief revisions are a conditional function of the level of inherent risk present in the audit environment (high/low) and the nature of the information contained in the latter portion of the information sequence (e.g., whether the information is positive or negative with respect to the client's internal controls). The results, consistent with expectations, indicate that auditors are susceptible to primacy effects when making likelihood of error and audit-hour planning judgments in settings that are relatively low in inherent risk, and such effects are due to less integration of late positive information in low- as compared to high-risk conditions. No evidence of primacy was found for either judgment when the inherent risk associated with the audit setting was high and, auditors did not differentially revise their beliefs across inherent risk conditions for late negative information. The findings indicate that primacy is essentially the result of insufficient integration of late positive information in low inherent risk settings, suggesting that primacy may lead to overauditing and thus, an inefficient use of audit resources.