Readiness Potential Prevalence During A Deliberate Decision-making Task

This study investigated the hypothesis that neural markers associated with arbitrary decision-making are present in higher order, deliberate decisions. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of higher order decision content on neurophysiological markers such as the readiness potential and the P300 potential. An experiment was designed to measure, evaluate, and compare these electroencephalographic potentials under both arbitrary and deliberate choice conditions. Participants were presented with legal cases and had to convict and acquit criminal offenders. Distinct readiness potentials and P300 potentials were observed for both arbitrary and deliberate decisions across all participants. These findings support the hypothesis that the readiness potential and the P300 potential are present in the neurophysiological data for higher order deliberate decisions. The study also showed initial findings of how the readiness potential may inherently relate to decision content. Increased readiness potential amplitudes were observed for participants with previous exposure to violent crime when they had to acquit or convict criminals accused of violent crimes.

A proposal for deflating deflationary accounts of free will; consciousness and the readiness to act

Is free will possible in a world governed by physical laws? How can mental states function as causes? What insights can be gained from studying integrative models of brains and minds? Here I briefly describe how the Free Energy Principle and Active Inference framework may help to illuminate the nature of volition, with particular focus on novel explanations for Libet phenomena, wherein consciousness may enter causal streams leading up to readiness potentials and subsequent actions.