N-soliton solutions and the Hirota conditions in (1 + 1)-dimensions

We analyze N-soliton solutions and explore the Hirota N-soliton conditions for scalar (1 + 1)-dimensional equations, within the Hirota bilinear formulation. An algorithm to verify the Hirota conditions is proposed by factoring out common factors out of the Hirota function in N wave vectors and comparing degrees of the involved polynomials containing the common factors. Applications to a class of generalized KdV equations and a class of generalized higher-order KdV equations are made, together with all proofs of the existence of N-soliton solutions to all equations in two classes.

Lump solutions to a (2+1)-dimensional fourth-order nonlinear PDE possessing a Hirota bilinear form

Through the Hirota bilinear formulation, a (2+1)-dimensional combined fourth-order nonlinear equation is proposed, which possesses lump solutions. Two classes of lump solutions are presented explicitly in terms of the coefficients in the combined nonlinear equation. A set of examples of equations is provided to show the diversity of the considered combined nonlinear equation, together with three-dimensional plots, [Formula: see text]-curves and [Formula: see text]-curves of two specific lump solutions in two cases of the combined equation.

Lump solutions for the dimensionally reduced variable coefficient B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

Based on Hirota bilinear formulation, the lump solutions to dimensionally reduced generalized variable coefficient B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are obtained. The solution process is figured out and the solution properties are illustrated graphically. The present method can be extended to other nonlinear equations.

Abundant rogue wave solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation

In this paper, we analyse two types of rogue wave solutions generated from two improved ansatzs, to the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation. With symbolic computation, the first-order rogue waves, second-order rogue waves, third-order rogue waves are generated directly from the first ansatz. Based on the Hirota bilinear formulation, another type of one-rogue waves and two-rogue waves can be obtained from the second ansatz. In addition, the dynamic behaviours of obtained rogue wave solutions are illustrated graphically.

A Study on Lump and Interaction Solutions to a (3 + 1)-Dimensional Soliton Equation

Based on bilinear formulation of a (3 + 1)-dimensional soliton equation, lump solution and related interaction solutions are investigated. The lump solutions of the soliton equation are classified into three cases with nonsingularity conditions being given. The interaction solutions between lump and a stripe soliton are obtained in eight cases, which have interesting fusing and fission behaviors with changing time. The interaction solutions of the soliton equation between a lump and a resonant pair of stripe solitons are also given, and we find that the lump just exist for a finite period during the interaction process.

A Study on Lump Solutions to a Generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito Equation in (2+1)-Dimensions

The Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation in (2+1)-dimensions passes the three-soliton test. This paper aims to generalize this equation to a new one which still has abundant interesting solution structures. Based on the Hirota bilinear formulation, a symbolic computation with a new class of Hirota-Satsuma-Ito type equations involving general second-order derivative terms is conducted to require having lump solutions. Explicit expressions for lump solutions are successfully presented in terms of coefficients in a generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation. Three-dimensional plots and contour plots of a special presented lump solution are made to shed light on the characteristic of the resulting lump solutions.