Multiple breathers and high-order rational solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation

This paper is devoted to obtaining the multi-soliton solutions, high-order breather solutions and high-order rational solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (BKP) equation by applying the Hirota bilinear method and the long-wave limit approach. Moreover, the interaction solutions are constructed by choosing appropriate value of parameters, which consist of four waves for lumps, breathers, rouges and solitons. Some dynamical characteristics for the obtained exact solutions are illustrated using figures.

Soliton, Breather-Like and Dark-Soliton-Breather-Like Solutions for the Coupled Long-Wave-Short-Wave System

In this paper, we will obtain the exact $N$-soliton solution of the coupled long-wave-short-wave system via the developed Hirota bilinear method. Through manipulating the relevant parameters, we will construct different types of solutions which include breather-like solutions and dark-soliton-breather-like solutions. Moreover, we will demonstrate that the interactions of two-soliton and two-breather-like solutions are all elastic through asymptotic analysis method. Finally, we will display the interactions through illustrations.PACS 05.45.Yv; 02.30.Ik; 42.81.Dp

Exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation

In this paper, we study exact solutions of the (3[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation. We employ the Hirota bilinear method to obtain the multi-solitary wave solutions, soliton resonant solutions, periodic solutions and interactional solutions and periodic resonant solutions. The corresponding asymptotic features and images are also clearly given.

Abundant soliton wave solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles by bilinear analysis

In this paper, we check and scan the (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear wave equation which is considered in soliton theory and generated by considering the Hirota bilinear operators. We retrieve some novel exact analytical solutions, including cross-kink soliton solutions, breather wave solutions, interaction between stripe and periodic, multi-wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and solitary wave solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles by Maple symbolic computations. The required conditions of the analyticity and positivity of the solutions can be easily achieved by taking special choices of the involved parameters. The main ingredients for this scheme are to recover the Hirota bilinear forms and their generalized equivalences. Lastly, the graphical simulations of the exact solutions are depicted.

Interaction among a lump, periodic waves, and kink solutions to the KP-BBM equation

The Hirota bilinear method is prepared for searching the diverse soliton solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (KP-BBM) equation. Also, the Hirota bilinear method is used to find the lump and interaction with two stripe soliton solutions. Interaction among lumps, periodic waves, and one-kink soliton solutions are investigated. Also, the solitary wave, periodic wave, and cross-kink wave solutions are examined for the KP-BBM equation. The graphs for various parameters are plotted to contain a 3D plot, contour plot, density plot, and 2D plot. We construct the exact lump and interaction among other types of solutions, by solving the underdetermined nonlinear system of algebraic equations with the associated parameters. Finally, analysis and graphical simulation are presented to show the dynamical characteristics of our solutions, and the interaction behaviors are revealed. The existing conditions are employed to discuss the available got solutions.

Lump Solutions, Multi Lump Solutions and More Soliton Solutions of a Novel (2+1)-dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equation

Exact solutions of a new (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation are studied. Through the Hirota bilinear method, the test function method and the improved tanh-coth and tah-cot method, with the assisstance of symbolic operations, one can obtain the lump solutions, multi lump solutions and more soliton solutions. Finally, by determining different parameters, we draw the three-dimensional plots and density plots at different times.

Integrability and Multisoliton Solutions of the Reverse Space or/and Time Nonlocal Fokas-Lenells (FL) Equation

This paper studies reverse space or/and time nonlocal Fokas-Lenells (FL) equation, which describes the propagation of nonlinear light pulses in monomode optical fibers when certain higher-order nonlinear effects are considered, by Hirota bilinear method. Firstly, variable transformations from reverse space nonlocal FL equation to reverse time and reverse space-time nonlocal FL equations are constructed. Secondly, the one-, two- and three-soliton solutions of the reverse space nonlocal FL equation are derived through Hirota bilinear method, and the soliton solutions of reverse time and reverse space-time nonlocal FL equations are given through variable transformations. Dynamical behaviors of the multisoliton solutions are discussed in detail by analyzing their wave structures. Thirdly, asymptotic analysis of two- and three-soliton solutions of reverse space nonlocal FL equation is used to investigated the elastic interaction and inelastic interaction. At last, the Lax integrability and conservation laws of three types of nonlocal FL equations is studied. The results obtained in this paper possess new properties that different from the ones for FL equation, which are useful in exploring novel physical phenomena of nonlocal systems in nonlinear media.

Study on the (3+1)-dimensional KP equation with lump solution and its collision phenomena

The (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is studied in this paper by constructing the Hirota bilinear form. The lump solution of the equation is obtained by bilinear form, and the conditions for the existence of the solution are obtained. The picture description of lump solution is further given. On the other hand, we also give the collision phenomena of lump solution, periodic wave solution and a single-kink soliton solution when the (3+1)-dimensional KP equation reduces to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by means of the Hirota method. The collision phenomenon is shown in the 3D plot description, the dynamic characteristics of the collision are also analyzed.

Evolution Behaviour of Kink Breathers and Lump-M-Solitons (M → ∞) for the (3+1)-Dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito-Like Equation

In this paper, some novel lump solutions and interaction phenomenon between lump and kink M-soliton are investigated. Firstly, we study the evolution and degeneration behaviour of kink breather wave solution with difffferent forms for the (3+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito-like equation by symbolic computation and Hirota bilinear form. In the process of degeneration of breather waves, some novel lump solutions are derived by the limit method. In addition, M-fifissionable soliton and the interaction phenomenon between lump solutions and kink M-solitons (lump-M-solitons) are investigated, the theorem and corollary about the conditions for the existence of the interaction phenomenon are given and proved further. The lump-M-solitons with difffferent types is studied to illustrate the correctness and availability of the given theorem and corollary, such as lump-cos type, lump-cosh-exponential type, lump cosh-cos-cosh type. Several three-dimensional fifigures are drawn to better depict the nonlinear dynamic behaviours including the oscillation of breather wave, the emergence of lump, the evolution behaviour of fission and fusion of lump-M-solitons and so on.