Abstract. Particle number size distributions (PNSDs) have been collected periodically
in the urban area of Milan, Italy, during 2011 and 2012 in winter and summer
months. Moreover, comparable PNSD measurements were carried out in the rural
mountain site of Oga–San Colombano (2250 m a.s.l.), Italy, during
February 2005 and August 2011. The aerosol data have been measured through
the use of optical particle counters in the size range 0.3–25 µm,
with a time resolution of 1 min. The comparison of the PNSDs collected in the
two sites has been done in terms of total number concentration, showing
higher numbers in Milan (often exceeding 103 cm−3 in winter
season) compared to Oga–San Colombano (not greater than 2×102 cm−3), as expected. The skewness–kurtosis
plane has been used in order to provide a synoptic view, and select the best
distribution family describing the empirical PNSD pattern. The four-parameter
Johnson system-bounded distribution (called Johnson SB or JSB) has been tested for this
aim, due to its great flexibility and ability to assume different shapes. The
PNSD pattern has been found to be generally invariant under site and season
changes. Nevertheless, several PNSDs belonging to the Milan winter season
(generally more than 30 %) clearly deviate from the standard empirical
pattern. The seasonal increase in the concentration of primary aerosols due
to combustion processes in winter and the influence of weather variables
throughout the year, such as precipitation and wind speed, could be
considered plausible explanations of PNSD dynamics.