The role of biotechnology in the field of biomedical engineering

The modern age is an arena of interdisciplinary research and knowledge domain which involves versatile field of sciences to work cooperatively for the improvement of the mankind. Biotechnology is providing for more personalized healthcare and continued analysis of the human body. As biotechnology advances day by day, we have to uphold the pace to discover future medical applications of it. Biotechnology is a huge and rapidly growing field. Biomedical technology involves the application of engineering and technology principles to the domain of living or biological systems. Generally biomedical denotes larger stress on issues related to human health and diseases. Different kinds of live expression systems like plant or insect cells, transgenic animals, mammals, yeast, Escherichia coli and more are particularly beneficial because biotechnology-derived medicines from them. This type of expressed gene or protein incorporates the identical nucleotide sequence as endogenous form of humans. Application of biotechnology in different domain of biomedical fields has already brought about a substantial difference which denotes the superiority over traditional ways of treatment. It is very easy to understand that how biotechnology can be played a crucial role in medical purposes. This paper will try to highlight the glimpse of multifaceted application of biotechnology in different field as well as from different angle of application.

AcGI1, a novel genomic island carrying antibiotic resistance integron In687 in multidrug resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a teaching hospital in Thailand

ABSTRACT This study investigated the genetic basis of multidrug resistance in two strains of Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolated from patients attending a hospital in Thailand in 2012. These isolates were highly resistant to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, co-trimoxazole and carbapenems. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the two isolates were not clonally related and identified a carbapenem resistance gene-habouring integron (In687), residing in a novel genomic island, AcGI1. This In687 shares 100% identical nucleotide sequence with ones found in Acinetobacter baumannii Aci 16, isolated from the same hospital in 2007. We report the first analysis of multidrug-resistant A. xylosoxidans isolated in Thailand, and the first example of this island in A. xylosoxidans. Our data support the idea that resistance has spread in Thailand via horizontal gene transfer between species and suggest the possibility of A. xylosoxidans may serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance, especially in hospital setting.

Novel Organization of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element and Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecComposite Island and Its Horizontal Transfer between Distinct Staphylococcus aureus Genotypes

ABSTRACTIn this study, 425 methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates recovered in the Dutch-German Euregio were investigated for the presence of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Sequence analysis by whole-genome sequencing revealed an entirely new organization of the ACME-staphylococcal cassette chromosomemeccomposite island (SCCmec-CI), with truncated ACME type II located downstream of SCCmec. An identical nucleotide sequence of ACME-SCCmec-CI was found in two distinct MRSA lineages (t064-ST8 and t002-ST5), which has not been reported previously inS. aureus.