Inventory of the species composition of obligate parasitic plant mycobiota of the protected stow Oak Grove «Levadki»

Статья посвящена исследованию видового состава фитотрофных облигатнопаразитных микромицетов заповедного урочища Лесная дубовая роща Левадки , расположенного в Предгорном Крыму. Сбор образцов паразитических грибов растений производился в течение вегетационных сезонов (апрель октябрь 2009 2011 и 2017 2018 гг.) маршрутным методом в растительных сообществах заповедного урочища. Пораженные растения или их части гербаризировали с составлением стандартных этикеток. Микромицеты исследовали методом световой микроскопии. Видовую идентификацию фитопатогенов проводили с использованием отечественных и зарубежных определителей и справочной литературы. В результате проведенных микологических исследований обнаружено 68 видов облигатнопаразитных грибов из 22 родов, 12 семейств и шести порядков, принадлежащих к трем отделам грибов и грибоподобных организмов. Отдел Basidiomycota представлен 36 видами, подавляющее большинство которых относится к порядку Pucciniales. К отделу Ascomycota принадлежит 26 видов порядка Erysiphales. Отдел Oomycota представлен шестью видами из порядков Albuginales и Peronosporales. Фитотрофные облигатнопаразитные микромицеты зарегистрированы на 70 видах из 58 родов 28 семейств покрытосеменных растений, преимущественно класса Magnoliopsida. Наибольшее количество видов микромицетов зарегистрировано на представителях семейств Rosaceae и Asteraceae (9 и 8 видов микромицетов, соответственно), 6 видов на представителях семейства Lamiaceae, по 5 видов на представителях семейств Fabaceae и Ranunculaceae. На этих семействах найдено 48,5 всех обнаруженных видов микромицетов. Новыми для Крыма являются 5 видов, обнаруженные на территории заповедного урочища: Erysiphe friesii, Phyllactinia corni, Puccinia stachydis, Sporisorium andropogonis, Urocystis ranunculi. The study provides the species inventory of the obligate phytopathogenic micromycetes of the protected stow Oak Grove Levadki located in the Piedmont Crimea. Plant parasitic fungi were collected in the plant communities of the Oak Grove during the growing season (April October) in 2009 2011 and 2017 2018 using the route method. Affected plants or their parts were collected and botanized with standard labels. The material was examined using light microscopy. Phytopathogenic species identification was made based on the published identification keys. During the course of the study, 68 species of obligateparasitic fungi from 22 genera, 12 families, and 6 orders belonging to 3 divisions of fungi and fungilike organisms were identified. The Basidiomycota division was represented by 36 species, the overwhelming majority of which belongs to the order Pucciniales. From the division Ascomycota we found only powdery mildew fungi (26 species, Erysiphales). Oomycota was represented by 6 species from the orders Albuginales and Peronosporales. Phytopathogenic fungi were recorded on 70 species from 58 genera of 28 families of angiosperms, mainly of Magnoliopsida. The largest number of parasitic fungi species was registered on the families Rosaceae and Asteraceae (9 and 8 species of parasitic micromycetes, respectively), 6 species on the family Lamiaceae, and by 5 species on the families Fabaceae and Ranunculaceae. The mentioned above plant families host almost half of the total number of the identified pathogenic species. Five species are new to the Crimea: Erysiphe friesii, Phyllactinia corni, Puccinia stachydis, Sporisorium andropogonis, and Urocystis ranunculi.

Promising Fungicides from Allelochemicals: Synthesis of Umbelliferone Derivatives and Their Structure–Activity Relationships

Umbelliferone was discovered to be an important allelochemical in our previous study, but the contribution of its activity and structure has not yet been revealed. In this study, a series of analogues were synthesized to determine the skeleton of umbelliferone and examine its fungicidal activity. Furthermore, targeted modifications were conducted with three plant parasitic fungi to examine the lead compounds. Among those tested, compounds 2f and 10 were found to show excellent antifungal activity with an inhibitory rate over 80% at 100 ug/mL. The study proves that umbelliferone can be a promising skeleton for fungicides discovery. In addition, the primary structure–activity relationship provides a good guidance for the discovery of novel fungicides based on natural products in the future.

John Dearness (1852-1954) : Canadian pioneer mycologist-plant pathologist

John Dearness, a professional educator who became the first internationally acknowledged Canadian-born mycologist, was also a largely self-taught pioneer plant pathologist. His ability to isolate and identify plant parasitic fungi, and his readiness to assist professional plant pathologists, became so widely known that he was elected President of the Canadian Division of the American Phytopathological Society. The Canadian Phytopathological Society, of which he was a charter member, made him an honorary member. Many more honors were conferred on this remarkable man in recognition of his contributions to botany, mycology, and plant pathology in Canada.