Jacques-Louis Reverdin - pioneer of transplantology, a surgeon who opened the veil of functional importance of the thyroid gland

Jacques-Louis Reverdin is a famous Swiss surgeon, scientist, and entomologist of the nineteenth century. He made a considerable contribution to the development of transplantology — he was one of the first to publish work on allotransplantation, performing the so — called “skin grafting”, urology — he defended his thesis on urethrotomy, endocrinology- he performed surgical operations for the treatment of goiter, observed and described the symptoms of iatrogenic hypothyroidism, introduced the concept of postoperative myxedema. For thirty-four years, he led an active surgical practice, thanks to which he described a large number of operations (the most famous are operations on the thyroid gland), introduced a surgical suture and needle, which are still used today. During the Franco-Prussian war, he commanded a Swiss ambulance. He was a proponent of Lister’s method of asepsis and antiseptics, and introduced it in hospitals in Geneva. He was engaged in teaching and research, and was nominated for the Nobel prize three times. He received the Amuss prize of the Academy of Medicine, the prize of the Paris Academy of medicine for his work on urethrotomy, founded the Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande, and was a co-founder and later President of the Association of physicians of Geneva. Honorary member of the entomological societies of Switzerland, France, England and Brazil.

GRIGORY IVANOVICH FISCHER VON WALDHEIM AND HIS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN RUSSIA

Grigory Ivanovich Fischer von Waldheim (Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim) was an outstanding Russian naturalist-encyclopedist of German origin, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and an honorary professor at Moscow University. From 1804 until the end of his life he worked in Moscow. Author of numerous works on entomology, paleontology, mineralogy and geology. His monographs Entomography of Russia and Orictography of the Moscow Gubernia played an important role in the development of natural science in Russia. G.I. Fischer is the founder of scientific zoology and paleontology in Russia, the founder of Moscow University’s Museum of Natural History as a new type of museum, one of the founders and the first director of the Moscow Society of Nature Experts, which still exists today.

Prince Peter Georgievich Oldenburgsky: «My neighbor's good and woe were sacred to me...»

The article continues the cycle of publications dedicated to the tercentenary anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the fruitful cooperation of the Academy with the Free Economic Society of Russia. The article shows the life path of Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky — an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Special attention is paid to the multifaceted charitable and cultural and educational activities of P. Oldenburgsky. The main directions of scientific and practical activity of the Free Economic Society under the leadership of its president — Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky (1840–1859) are shown. The role of the President of the VEO of Russia, Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky, in enriching the traditions of the VEO and developing innovative areas both in the socio-economic life of the country and in the activities of its civil society institutions is noted.

Vladyslav Volodymyrovych Povorozniuk

On June 12, 2021, Vladyslav Volodymyrovych Povoroznyuk, the scientific director of the Department of Clinical Physiology and Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System of the State Institution “Institute of Gerontology named after DF Chebotaryov NAMS of Ukraine ", President of the Ukrainian Association of Osteoporosis and the Ukrainian Association of Menopause, Andropause and Musculoskeletal Diseases, President of the Ukrainian Division of EVIDAS, Member of the Board of the International Osteoporosis Association (IOF), Deputy Chairman of the Gerontologist Of Ukraine, Vice President of the Ukrainian Association of Rheumatologists, Member of the Board of the Ukrainian Association of Orthopedists-Traumatologists, Member of the Public Council of the Ukrainian Federation of Public Organizations for Civil Society Health Promotion, Honorary Member of the Association of Implantologists of Ukraine, Member of International Associations ACR, ASB EFORT, EMAS, EULAR, ISCD, ISSAM, OARSI, SICOT, director of the Ukrainian Scientific and Medical Center for Osteoporosis.

member remembers

Rolfe Matthews, an Honorary Member of LAHS, joined the Society on his retirement in 1997 and now lives in Bathurst. He is probably a descendant of William Matthews, the 1820 Settler who settled at Salem and was its schoolmaster, but Rolfe feels this lineage has not been properly confirmed. However, behind the church in Salem is a graveyard where a lady called 'Min' is buried. “Aunt Min was my Dad’s aunt and I think I still remember her,” says Rolfe. It seems too coincidental that the famous teacher Matthews and his wife are buried there, too.

Takuo Aoyagi, Ph.D., American Society of Anesthesiologists Honorary Member

Pulse oximetry has changed anesthesiology and all of health care. Its inventor is recognized with American Society of Anesthesiologists Honorary Membership this year. The authors explore his invention and its far-reaching impact.

Sergey Sergeyevich YUDIN - Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (to the 130th of birthday)

Sergey Sergeevich was born in 1891. He graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University. He served as an ordinary doctor, head of a sanitary detachment, a doctor of an infantry regiment, a surgical infirmary, a surgical department of the Tula Zemsky hospital, the Zakharino sanatorium near Moscow, a factory hospital in Serpukhov. From 1925 to 1927, S. S. Yudin worked as a private assistant professor, since 1928-head of the surgical department of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. In 1930, he first performed a transfusion of fibrinolysis blood to a person. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a senior consultant inspector at the Chief surgeon of the Soviet Army, N. N. Burdenko. In 1948, he was awarded the State Prize and arrested as an "enemy of the Soviet state". During his stay in prison (1948-1952), Sergey Sergeevich, despite having suffered another heart attack, writes a book "Reflections of a surgeon", which is published after the author's death. In March 1952, S. S. Yudin was exiled in the city of Berdsk, and then in Novosibirsk, where he continues to conduct surgical interventions. In 1953, S. S. Yudin was rehabilitated by the decision of a Special meeting under the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR. S. S. Yudin died of a heart attack on June 12, 1954. Sergey Sergeyevich Yudin is the author of 15 monographs and 181 printed scientific papers, including the monograph "Spinal anesthesia", recognized as the best book on medicine in the USSR, the two-volume manual "Notes on military field surgery" and the book "Reflections of a surgeon".Sergey Sergeyevich Yudin-academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1944), honorary member of the English, American, French, Czech Societies of Surgeons, Honorary Doctor of the Sorbonne (1946). He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1943), the Red Star (1942), the Red Banner (1944, 1945) and the St. George Medal. Memorial plaques dedicated to S. S. Yudin are installed on the facades of the buildings of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1959), the historical building of the Serpukhov Central Hospital. A bust of S. S. Yudin is installed in front of the building of the Children's Clinical Hospital in Novosibirsk.

Pyotr Alexandrovich HERZEN - the founder of oncology in the USSR, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (to the 150th of birthday)

Pyotr Alexandrovich was born in 1871 in Florence in the family of Professor A. A. Herzen of the University of Lausanne. In 1896, he studied at the medical faculty of the University of Lausanne and began working at the Caesar Roux Clinic. In 1997, Pyotr Alexandrovich received a Doctor of Medicine degree and, fulfilling his grandfather's will, left for Russia. In 1898, P. A. Herzen received a Russian diploma of a doctor with honors. Then Pyotr Alexandrovich worked as an external doctor until 1900, and then until 1920, with breaks for service in the army as a military surgeon he was a resident of the surgical department of the Old Catherine Hospital in Moscow. During the Russian-Japanese War, Pyotr Alexandrovich was a surgeon on the Manchurian front, a surgeon in the active army during the First World War, and a consultant at the 151st military hospital during the Civil War. In 1909, he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine in Russia. In 1917, he became the head of the Department of Operative Surgery, in 1921-General Surgery of the 1st Moscow State University. The clinical base of the department was the Institute for the Treatment of Tumors (now the P. A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute), the director of which was P. A. Herzen from 1922 to 1934. In 1926, he was first elected chairman of the Surgical Society of Moscow, and in 1929 the XXI Congress of Russian Surgeons. In 1934, Pyotr Alexandrovich became the head of the Department of Hospital Surgery of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute and in the same year he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, and in 1939 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He created the world's first pre-thoracic artificial esophagus (1907), was the first in the USSR to perform thoracoscopy for chronic pleural empyema (1925), suturing of a heart wound (1904), liver resection, developed a number of original operations: intra-abdominal fixation of the rectum when it falls out; application of cholecystoenteroanastomosis (1901), cholecystectomy, trans-vesical prostatectomy (1906); omentorenopexy of the lower pole of the kidney (1913); operations for anterior cerebral, inguinal and femoral hernias; developed the principles of surgical treatment of traumatic aneurysms. He also made a significant contribution to solving the problems of vascular surgery, oncology, urology, cardiac surgery, etc. He published 84 scientific papers, including 5 monographs. P. A. Herzen created the largest school of Soviet surgeons, oncologists. He was an honorary member of the French Academy of Surgery, the International Society of Surgeons, chairman of the surgical societies of the RSFSR and the USSR (1926-1928; 1935-1936), the XXI and XXIV All-Union Congresses of Surgeons (1929, 1938). P. A. Herzen was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, medals, including "For the Defense of Moscow". P. A. Herzen died in January 1947 and was buried in Moscow. The Moscow Research Oncological Institute, the periodical " Oncology. The journal named after P. A. Herzen". A memorial plaque in his honor is installed in the First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov. His name is given to surgical operations used for anterior craniocerebral and femoral hernias, hydronephrosis, cryptorchidism, the creation of an artificial esophagus from the small intestine, esophagoejunostomy after removal of the stomach, and others.

Scientific Idea of Professor Marian Weiss

This year marks the 100th birth anniversary of Professor Marian Alan Weiss. The following article serves as a reminder of this magnificent man, doctor and scientist and his indisputable multifaceted accomplishments. Prof. Weiss was a brilliant organizer. He proposed and then formed the largest medical rehabilitation centre in Poland, the STOCER Capital Rehabilitation Centre in Konstantin, and established one of the first university departments of rehabilitation in Europe. His medical achievements included Weiss’ spring arthroplasty, a me­thod for stabilising the spine after an injury. He also promoted myoplastic amputation and early intraoperative prosthetic support (so-called rapid prosthesis) as well as early comprehensive rehabilitation, which is widely recognized today. Prof. Weiss was a first-rate scientist and lecturer. He published more than 200 articles in Polish and international journals, a few textbooks and monographs. He delivered many lectures and presentations at domestic and international congresses and symposia. As early as 1959, he lectured at international seminars on prosthetics and rehabilitation of amputees. As an expert of the WHO Regional Bureau, he organized international training workshops on rehabilitation, with English and French as languages of instruction. He was an honorary member of the New York Physical Medicine Society, held an honorary doctorate from Rennes University and an honorary membership of the Swedish Orthopaedic Society, and received the Honorary Medal of Vishnevsky Institute in Moscow. He also was Vice-president of the “Paraplegia” International Medical Society. His unexpected death in 1961 put an end to his further organizational, professional, scientific and educational plans.

REVISITING THE FATE OF SIMBIRSK LIBRARY OF THE LITERARY CRITIC AND PUSHKINIST PAVEL VASILYEVICH ANNENKOV

The name of Pavel Annenkov belongs to the cohort of those remarkable figures of the Russian culture of the past, who after 1917 were almost completely forgotten. Except for the volume of his «Literary Memoirs», which was reprinted in 1928 and which quickly became a bibliographic rarity, and his memoirs about his meeting with N. V. Gogol in Rome in 1841, Annenkov was usually mentioned only as one of the opponents of the democratic revolutionaries. Attempts to present an objective portrait of him were few, and their results became known only to a narrow circle of specialists. Nevertheless, Annenkov knew personally K. Marx, A.I. Herzen, I.S. Turgenev, N.V. Gogol, N.P. Ogarev, and V.G. Belinsky. For his works on Pushkin, in 1880 when establishing a monument to Alexander Pushkin in Moscow on his birthday on June 6, Moscow University elected Annenkov as its honorary member. The situation changed a hundred years later, when in the 1980s some of Annenkov’s literary and critical articles began to be reprinted, then his «Literary Memoirs», «Paris Letters», «Pushkin in the Alexander Era» and, finally, in 1984–1985, his famous «Materials for the Biography of Alexander Pushkin» were reprinted twice. Published in a large circulation, with detailed introductory articles and comments, these books not only expanded the modern reader’s understanding of the literary and social life of Russia and Western Europe for almost three quarters of the past century, but also presented a close-up portrait of its author. However, the return of P.V. Annenkov to modern culture, in particular, to regional history, cannot be considered entirely accomplished. The author examines individual pages of Simbirsk stage in the biography of the writer and the fate of his library. It is concluded that Annenkov’s contribution to the cultural development of Simbirsk Volga region is of great interest for researchers of the Russian history in our time.