Nonstandard Null Lagrangians and Gauge Functions for Newtonian Law of Inertia

New null Lagrangians and gauge functions are derived and they are called nonstandard because their forms are different than those previously found. The invariance of the action is used to make the Lagrangians and gauge functions exact. The first exact nonstandard null Lagrangian and its gauge function for the law of inertia are obtained, and their physical implications are discussed.

Toward universality in degree 2 of the Kricker lift of the Kontsevich integral and the Lescop equivariant invariant

In the setting of finite type invariants for null-homologous knots in rational homology 3-spheres with respect to null Lagrangian-preserving surgeries, there are two candidates to be universal invariants, defined, respectively, by Kricker and Lescop. In a previous paper, the second author defined maps between spaces of Jacobi diagrams. Injectivity for these maps would imply that Kricker and Lescop invariants are indeed universal invariants; this would prove in particular that these two invariants are equivalent. In the present paper, we investigate the injectivity status of these maps for degree 2 invariants, in the case of knots whose Blanchfield modules are direct sums of isomorphic Blanchfield modules of [Formula: see text]-dimension two. We prove that they are always injective except in one case, for which we determine explicitly the kernel.

On Null Lagrangians

We consider Lagrangians for parametric variational problems defined on velocity manifolds and show that a Lagrangian is null precisely when its shadow, a family of vector forms, is closed. We also show that a null Lagrangian can be recovered (to within a constant) from its shadow, and therefore that such a Lagrangian is (again to within a constant) a sum of determinants of total derivatives.

Решения дифференциального неравенства с нуль-лагранжианом: повышающаяся интегрируемость и устранимость особенностей. II

The aim of this paper is to establish a result on removability of singularities for solutions of the differential inequality with a null Lagrangian. Also, we obtain integral estimates for wedge products of closed differential forms and for minors of a Jacobian matrix.

Solutions of the differential inequality with a null Lagrangian: higher integrability and removability of singularities. I

The aim of this paper is to derive the self-improving property of integrability for derivatives of solutions of the differential inequality with a null Lagrangian. More precisely, we prove that the solution of the Sobolev class with some Sobolev exponent slightly smaller than the natural one determined by the structural assumption on the involved null Lagrangian actually belongs to the Sobolev class with some Sobolev exponent slightly larger than this natural exponent. We also apply this property to improve Holder regularity and stability theorems of [19].

Rank one plus a null-Lagrangian is an inherited property of two-dimensional compliance tensors under homogenisation

Assume that the local compliance tensor of an elastic composite in two space dimensions is equal to a rank-one tensor plus a null-Lagrangian (there is only one symmetric one in two dimensions). The purpose of this paper is to prove that the effective compliance tensor has the same representation: rank-one plus the null-Lagrangian. This statement generalises the wellknown result of Hill that a composite of isotropic phases with a common shear modulus is necessarily elastically isotropic and shares the same shear modulus. It also generalises the surprising discovery of Avellaneda et al. that under a certain condition on the pure crystal moduli the shear modulus of an isotropic polycrystal is uniquely determined. The present paper sheds light on this effect by placing it in a more general framework and using some elliptic PDE theory rather than the translation method. Our results allow us to calculate the polycrystalline G-closure of the special class of crystals under consideration. Our analysis is contrasted with a two-dimensional model problem for shape-memory polycrystals. We show that the two problems can be thought of as ‘elastic percolation’ problems, one elliptic, one hyperbolic.