Dirty Laundry

The study of the events surrounding the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket at the side altar of Canterbury Cathedral in December 1170 has focused primarily on the significance of the assassination itself as confirmation of his saintliness. As the body was finally being prepared for burial, the surprising discovery was made that underneath his stately vestments, Becket wore (and had long worn) a hairshirt, crawling with lice, maggots, and other vermin. All lingering suspicions that Becket’s ‘conversion’ from worldly courtier to spiritual archbishop had been a pretense, a fabrication designed to bolster his claim to authority against King Henry II, fell away. It was the hairshirt, and not the murder, that made the martyr.

New Newtonian Mechanics and New Laws of Motion

Newton’s third law has been proved to be wrong, there are experimental evidence of the video, there are rigorous proof of a strong paper. Further obtained based on this, that is, Newton’s second law to prove is wrong. Therefore, the Newton law of correcting wrong, there are new second law of motion and new third law of motion, to be produces. So including Newton’s first law the New three laws of motion, will become more accurate, more efficient mechanical principles, guiding the new mechanical system is derived and the establishment. No one would doubt that Newton’s second law and Newton’s third law would be wrong. But a surprising discovery was produced in a simple mechanic’s experiment. The earliest experiments showed that two objects interact, acting force and reaction force, Is not the same size. Therefore, Newton’s third law seems to be wrong. Using conventional methods, considering objects with different masses, the inertia is also different. It can also provide a reasonable explanation for the unequal force and reaction force. But when It was further discovered that when Newton’s second law was also wrong, the introduction of the new second law made the establishment of the new third law also perfect. A series of extremely important new discoveries were successively produced and realized.

Differential compartmentalization of BMP4/NOGGIN requires NOGGIN trans-epithelial transport

Using self-organizing human models of gastrulation, we previously showed that (i) BMP4 initiates the cascade of events leading to gastrulation; (ii) BMP4 signal-reception is restricted to the basolateral domain; and (iii) in a human-specific manner, BMP4 directly induces the expression of NOGGIN. Here, we report the surprising discovery that in human epiblasts, NOGGIN and BMP4 were secreted into opposite extracellular spaces. Interestingly, apically-presented NOGGIN could inhibit basally-delivered BMP4. Apically-imposed microfluidic flow demonstrated that NOGGIN traveled in the apical extracellular space. Our co-localization analysis detailed the endocytotic route that trafficked NOGGIN from the apical space to the basolateral intercellular space where BMP4 receptors were located. This apical-to-basal transcytosis was indispensable for NOGGIN inhibition. Taken together, the segregation of activator/inhibitor into distinct extracellular spaces challenges classical views of morphogen movement. We propose that the transport of morphogen inhibitors regulates the spatial availability of morphogens during embryogenesis.

Analysis of dissolved and colloidal substances in old corrugated containers’ whitewater and dissolved substances’ impact on colloidal substances’ stability

The physicochemical properties of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) in the old corrugated containers’ (OCC) whitewater were studied. Then, the colloidal substances (CS) were separated from dissolved substances (DS) and the effect of inorganic salts on the stability of CS (not DCS) was studied for the first time. The results showed that many DCS aggregated and attached to the fiber surface when pulping. The primary sources were resin, lignin, adhesives, coating fixatives, and fillers. The colloidal stability of DCS and solids of whitewater differed because the DCS contained less filler. Both Ca2+ and Na+ can affect the stability of CS, but Ca2+ led to more CS instability and aggregated into larger flocculent precipitates. The surprising discovery in the experiment was that when Ca2+ and Na+ were added together, the instability degree of the system was between the addition of Ca2+ and Na+ alone. Ca2+ played a dominant role in affecting the stability of CS, and Na+ competed for adsorption sites.

A surprising new genus and species of cave-adapted Plusiocampinae Cycladiacampa irakleiae (Diplura, Campodeidae) from Irakleia Island, Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Archipelago (Greece)

The surprising discovery of Cycladiacampa irakleiae, a new genus and species, a cave-adapted campodeid dipluran highlights the paleobiogeographical importance of the insular Aegean cave-ecosystems. This new dipluran genus inhabits with other noticeable endemic cave-adapted invertebrate species in the isolated Spilaio Agiou Ioanni cave in Irakleia, a small island in the centre of the Cyclades Archipelago. C. irakleiaegen. nov. et sp. nov. is related with Stygiocampa species, a subgenus of Plusiocampa genus, with hereto six cave-adapted species inhabiting karst areas in Dinaric and the Rhopode Mountains. These species share similarities such as the absence of mesonotal and metanotal macrosetae, the abundance and shape of urosternal macrosetae, as well as the lack of medial posterior macrosetae on mesonotum and metanotum. This can be explained by a common ancestor that probably originated from Asia and expanded its distribution to the fragmented Europe since the Eocene-Oligocene, colonizing cave habitats in recent periods. Cycladiacampa irakleiae is a remarkable addition to the fauna of the cave of Irakleia and should raise awareness on the need to enhance the study and conservation of the cave’s natural heritage.

‘The story of the reel that went for a swim’: Cinema Memory and the History of the Highlands and Islands Film Guild as Narrated through Oral History Interviews and surrounding Metadata

This article draws from existing work relating to the creative writing strand of the Major Minor Cinema project, which was inspired by the surprising discovery of project's pilot study that some cinema-goers from the period of research had been inspired to write poems or stories in response to their experience of going to the Film Guild screenings. Building on an earlier publication in the journal Participations (May 2019), which largely focused on the project's use of creative methodologies and creative writing workshops as a way of exploring cinema memory, this article will consider the way which cinema memory was narrativised in project's oral history interviews and their surrounding metadata, focusing in particular on the specificities of cinema-going in rural Scotland, and taking into consideration the significance of Scotland's oral history and storytelling traditions in relation to the arrival of cinema to the Highlands and Islands.

Adaptive synaptic plasticity maintains CRH neuron output during chronic glucocorticoid exposure

An increase in circulating glucocorticoids (CORT) is an essential part of the response to stress. Sustained elevations of CORT, however, have dramatic consequences on behavior, endocrine systems and peripheral organs. Critically, they dampen the endocrine response to acute challenges and decrease intrinsic excitability of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (CRHPVN), suggesting key circuits may be less responsive to stress. Here, we make the surprising discovery that CRHPVN neurons harness a form of adaptive synaptic scaling to escape the persistent negative feedback pressure from CORT and maintain stable output in vivo. Specifically, there is an increase in glutamatergic drive to these cells that is mediated by a postsynaptic, multiplicative increase in synaptic strength. These findings suggest that dysfunctions associated with chronic stress may not be due to the primary actions of CORT, but instead reflect the emergence of synaptic adaptations as networks seek to re-establish intrinsic activity setpoints.

Blocking Myc to Treat Cancer: Reflecting on Two Decades of Omomyc

First designed and published in 1998 as a laboratory tool to study Myc perturbation, Omomyc has come a long way in the past 22 years. This dominant negative has contributed to our understanding of Myc biology when expressed, first, in normal and cancer cells, and later in genetically-engineered mice, and has shown remarkable anti-cancer properties in a wide range of tumor types. The recently described therapeutic effect of purified Omomyc mini-protein—following the surprising discovery of its cell-penetrating capacity—constitutes a paradigm shift. Now, much more than a proof of concept, the most characterized Myc inhibitor to date is advancing in its drug development pipeline, pushing Myc inhibition into the clinic.