How to restructure a grammatical category: the innovative person system of Chamacoco (Zamucoan, northern Paraguay)

Chamacoco is a Zamucoan language of northern Paraguay that has considerably restructured its person reference system. Starting from the existing reconstruction of Proto-Zamucoan, I will analyze the evolution of person marking in free pronouns, verbs and possessable nouns. The verb lost the realis/irrealis distinction in speech act participants, while the third person underwent some allomorphic changes and introduced a distinction between third singular and plural, dependent on an innovative animacy hierarchy. The first person proved overall particularly unstable. In possessable nouns, it was replaced by a form for unspecified possessor, while a new exponent was created for the latter. In free pronouns, the first plural shifted to the first singular and then grammaticalized to the new verb prefix for the first singular. The most significant changes concern the introduction of clusivity in verbs and free pronouns, which was combined with an unusual number term: the greater plural. Besides, the verbal first-person exclusive is typologically unexpected, since it derives from the inclusive. I will discuss the reasons for these and other minor changes, which involve internal factors and language contact. Finally, I will show how recent contact with Spanish has affected the Chamacoco person system.

Developing an Integrated Model Centred on Artificial Intelligence to Effectively Predict and Analyse Climate Change Including Global Warming

An increase in average temperature worldwide is called global warming. Regular occasions and human exercises are accepted to be adding to expanding normal worldwide temperatures. Long haul impacts of environmental change are continuous out of control fires, longer times of the dry season in certain areas and an increment in the number, term and power of typhoons. Global warming forecasting can be vital in the rural, energy and clinical space. This paper assesses the exhibition of a few calculations in yearly a worldwide temperature alteration anticipation from recently estimated values over the Globe. The primary test is making a solid, effective and exact information model on an enormous dataset and noticing the connection between the normal yearly temperatures and potential variables adding to Global Warming, for example, the convergence of Greenhouse gases. The information is anticipated and determined utilizing straight relapse for acquiring the most important accuracy for ozone-depleting substances and temperature contrasted with different strategies. After noticing the analysed and expected information, global warming can be reduced relatively inside a couple of years. The decrease of worldwide temperature can assist us with forestalling unsafe long-haul impacts of global warming and Climate change.