Evidence of Long-Distance Coastal Sea Migration of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar, Smolts from Northwest England (River Derwent).

Combining data from multiple acoustic telemetry studies has revealed that west coast England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts use a northward migration pathway through the Irish Sea to reach their feeding grounds. 100 Atlantic salmon smolts were tagged in May 2020 in the River Derwent, northwest England as part of an Environment Agency/Natural England funded project. Three tagged smolts were detected on marine acoustic receivers distributed across two separate arrays from different projects in the Irish Sea. One fish had migrated approximately 262km in 10 days from the river mouth at Workington Harbour, Cumbria to the northernmost receiver array operated by the SeaMonitor project; this is the longest tracked marine migration of an Atlantic salmon smolt migrating from United Kingdom. This migrating fish displayed behaviours which resulted in fast northward migration. The remaining two fish were detected on a receiver array operated by a third project: “COMPASS”. These detections further provide evidence that migration to reach marine feeding grounds of salmon smolts from rivers draining into the Irish Sea is northerly. The pattern of these detections would not have been possible without the collaborative efforts of three distinct and separately funded projects to share data. Further work is required to fully understand migration trajectories in this species on the west coast of the British Isles.

Wordsworth's Soundings in the Aeneid

Wordsworth's translation of Virgil's Aeneid I–III has been largely neglected by Romanticists and classical reception scholars, in part because it is considered to be an unfinished, failed artistic project. Amongst a handful of scholars, Bruce Graver has convincingly demonstrated the originality of Wordsworth's Latin translation. This article goes further to suggest the artistic coherence of Wordsworth's translation of Virgil . Aeneid I–III trace the arc of Aeneas's fall and exile from Troy and discovery of a new home. In translating Aeneas's journey, Wordsworth enacts a quest for a new poetic voice, at a time when his creative powers as an English poet were at a low ebb. His engagement with Virgil's Latin can be compared to his encounters with Nature and the River Derwent in earlier poetry; in both cases, the poet plays host to an alienatingly other, divine maternal presence which eventually rejuvenates and confirms the poet's voice in English.

The Original “Silken Valley”: How and Why the Derwent Valley Became the Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

The paper outlines the history of the extraction of power from the River Derwent in Derbyshire, England, a source of abundant, reliable and vigorous water flow; and how this renewable power source provided power for the industrialization of what were formerly cottage occupations. The Romans introduced Water Wheels to Britain in the 1st century, which were used in the Derwent Valley to grind grist, mine lead, power iron forges and pump water. The prototype factories of the Industrial Revolution were built here, utilizing water power technology to drive textile mills. Cotchett’s Silk Mill, built in Derby in 1702, was followed by Lombe’s Silk Mill nearby in 1717, Then followed the cotton industry, led by Arkwright and Strutt in Cromford, the first “modern” mill, with 200 hands and round-the-clock operations, in 1771. After this success, Strutt built a larger mill in 1782 at Belper, powered by eleven 21 ft diameter water wheels. Samuel Slater, apprenticed during the building of this mill, emigrated secretly to America, where he enabled the first successful U.S cotton mill to be built in Pawtucket, R.I. The skills and traditions remain in the area, in such notable companies as Rolls-Royce and the Royal Crown Derby Porcelain works.