Color Projection in the Rorschach Test

The purpose of this study was to examine the basic features of Color Projection (CP). This study examined how CP appeared in relation to card, position, location, development quality, form quality, determinants, contents, special scores, and projected colors. Japanese adult psychiatric patients participated in the study. A total of 68 CP responses in 37 protocols were collected from over 1,500 Rorschach protocols. The results indicated that almost 60% of CP were in response to Card I or VI, which suggests that CP may be an initial shock reaction to achromatic colors and shading. Moreover, almost all CP were shown with the card in the original position, and more than half of CP were shown with W and DQo. This suggests that coping strategies when using CP may consist of changing recognitions rather than changing behaviors. On the other hand, these results also show that almost 30% of CP responses were scored MOR, and some CP responses were changed to colors that are generally considered to be less beautiful or undesirable in Japan. Therefore, in conclusion, it is possible that the current interpretive hypothesis of denial of unpleasant feelings may not be characteristic of all CP responses.

Beads and pendants from Inqitat (Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman)

Archaeological campaigns conducted during 2016 and 2017 at the site of Inqitat (Al Hamr al-Sharqiya), in the area of Khor Rori (Dhofar), produced an interesting assemblage of jewellery of various materials. The characteristics of the site are exceptional because they show traces of occupation from (prehistoric times)/ Prehistory right up to the Islamic period. Its geographical position(location), near Sumhuram, and its socio-political situation explain why bead assemblage here is so important. The use of particular stones indicates the presence of links with the area of the Persian Gulf and the Eastern part of the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the discovery of some tools used for the production of the beads demonstrates a local production of some of these. The long life of the site could help to identify typical materials of each period thus allowing for a more complete comprehension of Dhofar and of the international connections of the area.

Identification of Body Behaviors and Facial Expressions Associated with Induced Orthopedic Pain in Four Equine Pain Scales

Equine orthopedic pain scales are targeted towards horses with moderate to severe orthopedic pain. Improved assessment of pain behavior and pain-related facial expressions at rest may refine orthopedic pain detection for mild lameness grades. Therefore, this study explored pain-related behaviors and facial expressions and sought to identify frequently occurring combinations. Orthopedic pain was induced by intra-articular LPS in eight horses, and objective movement asymmetry analyses were performed before and after induction together with pain assessments at rest. Three observers independently assessed horses in their box stalls, using four equine pain scales simultaneously. Increase in movement asymmetry after induction was used as a proxy for pain. Behaviors and facial expressions commonly co-occurred and were strongly associated with movement asymmetry. Posture-related scale items were the strongest predictors of movement asymmetry. Display of facial expressions at rest varied between horses but, when present, were strongly associated with movement asymmetry. Reliability of facial expression items was lower than reliability of behavioral items. These findings suggest that five body behaviors (posture, head position, location in the box stall, focus, and interactive behavior) should be included in a scale for live assessment of mild orthopedic pain. We also recommend inclusion of facial expressions in pain assessment.

Reri Yulianti*, Yanciluk, Santosa Yulianto, Penyang, Erwyn

Rewetting program especially canal blocking (tabat) carried out by the Peat Restoration Agency (BRG) in 2017 aspart of efforts to control forest and land fires that often hit peatlands including in Kalawa Village in 2014 and 2015. Theresults of this study indicate that 7 indicators from 3 research variables for the level of land owners participation in thegroup receiving the rewetting program shows 14.28% has very strong/very high correlation (design making/constructionmodel), 42.86% has strong/high correlation (frequency of socialization, numbers of attendance, socialization method),42.86% has strong enough/high enough correlation (distance of land, placement of position/location, numbers of canalblocking). Whereas for 9 indicators from 4 research variables, the level of land owners participation in the group rejectingthe rewetting program shows 22.22% has strong/high correlation (age, land area), and 77.78% has quite strong/highenough correlation (level of education, distance of land, frequency of socialization, number of attendance, method ofsocialization, construction design/modeling, placement of position/location of canal blocking). The level of land ownersparticipation in the BRG rewetting program through canal blocking (tabat) was dominated by the medium category(36.0%) for the group receiving the program and the low category (48.0%) for the group rejecting the program. Therelatively similar characteristics of the two community groups and have a major influence on the level of land ownersparticipation are socialization efforts (frequency of socialization, numbers of attendance, socialization method), andproject implementation (design making/construction model, placement of positions/location of canal blocking).Keywords: participation; land owners; canal blocking (tabat); handel; peatland.