The Effect of Price, Land Area and Production Costs on Rice Farmer’s Income: Case in Bone Bolango Regency

This study aims to determine the effect of price, land area and production costs on the income of rice farmers in North Toto Village, Tilongkabila District, Bone Bolango Regency. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. With a total sample of 44 farmers in North Toto Village. This research method uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression model analysis. The results showed that the price had a negative and insignificant effect on the income of rice farmers in North Toto Village. This means that every 1% increase in price can reduce income by 0.237. Land area has a positive and significant effect on the income of rice farmers in North Toto Village. This means that every 1% increase in land area can increase income by 0.682. Production costs have a negative and significant effect on the income of rice farmers in North Toto Village. This means that every 1% increase can reduce income by -0.254. The coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.596, this shows that the percentage of rice farmers' income variation which is explained by the variation of the independent variables, namely price, land area and production costs is 59.6% for the remaining 40.4% influenced by other variables.

Systems dynamic modeling on sustainable apples agriculture

History shows the long process of apple plants originating from subtropical regions adapting to Indonesia's tropical climate until its popularity is increasingly marginalized and replaced with other commodities, as evidenced by the decreasing land area, especially in Batu City. Indonesia. In developing and analyzing solutions based on the principles of sustainable development, an integrated and holistic approach is required. To understand problems and find solutions, we can use Systems dynamics. The purpose of this study is to obtain a policy scenario that encourages sustainable apple farming. Data is collected from the local government and BPS City or Province so that the selected variables follow the specific location. The system approach is used to identify needs, problem formulation, preparation of input-output diagrams, cause-effect diagrams and stock-flow diagrams. A series of scenarios is created and tested through simulation to understand the system's dynamic behavior better and obtain the desired output. The best scenario was chosen, namely by replanting 10% of old plant each year, using integrated agriculture with 3 female and 1 male brooders, reduction of land change with 50% success, Local economic development by integrating tourist ticket and hotels with 0,75 kg apple fruits also increasing health support for students

Analysis of Shoreline Changes in Ikoli River in Niger Delta Region Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)

The use of Digital Shoreline Analysis System was used to determine shoreline changes in Ikoli River, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Shoreline data were extracted from satellite imagery over thirty years (1991-2021). The basis of this study is to use Digital Shoreline Analysis System to determine erosion and accretion areas. The result reveals that the average erosion rate in the study area is 1.16 m/year and the accretion rate is 1.62 m/year along the Ikoli River in Ogbogoro Community in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The mean shoreline length is 5.24 km with a baseline length of 5.2 km and the area is classified into four zones to delineate properly area of erosion and accretion based on the five class of Linear regression rate, endpoint rate and weighted linear rate of which zone I contain very high erosion and high erosion with an area of landmass 255449.93 m2 of 38%, zone II contain moderate accretion, very high accretion and high accretion with a land area of 1666816.46 m2 with 24%, zone III has very high erosion and high erosion with an area of landmass 241610.85 m2 of 34 % and zone IV contain moderate accretion and high accretion with land area 30888.08 m2 with 4%. Out of the four zones, zone I and II were found to be eroding with 72% and zone II and IV contain accretion with 28%. The result shows that 44% of the area have been eroded. Therefore, coastal engineers, planners, and shoreline zone management authorities can use DSAS to create more appropriate management plans and regulations for coastal zones and other coastal parts of the state with similar geographic features.

Some aspects of the West African monsoon circulation As deduced from a geostationary satellite

This paper focusses on some aspects or the West African monsoonal circulation observed during the period 15 July-l0 August 1979 of the PGGE, as derived from the satellite cloud windvectors. Temporal averages of the computed winsfields reveal that the flow at the low level is southerly (monsoonal), and Its line of discontinuity with the continental northeasterly was found at approximately 16°-18°N, lying about 300 km south of the accepted mean position. At both the middle and upper tropospheres the flow is easterly with axis about 12o-14,N and, latitude 8 No respectively, such that it is a circulation south of the axis and northwards, it is anticyclonic. The satellite-observed tropospheric circulation IS then discussed in relation to the, weather manifestations over the sub-region typical of the July / August period. The mass fields obtained from our gridded satellite-winds indicate that inflow into the land area occur mainly at the lowest layer (1000:850 hPa), whereas at the upper, levels (that is, above 850 hPa) it is predominantly an outflow, The tropospheric average gives a net mass for divergence from within the area, The significance of this result in relation to the observed weather phenomenology of a temporary cessation of the monsoon precipitations occurring about the peak of the season IS also discussed.

Business Model of Palm Oil Smallholding in South Sumatra, Indonesia

One of the business models that has been developed in the palm oil plantations in Indonesia is the consolidation of the land of smallholders while professionally managed by cooperatives. While there are cooperatives that perform well, some are not so much resulting in the business cease. This chapter aims to analyze a smallholding palm oil business model that consolidates 367 smallholders with a land area of 734 ha in Srimulyo Village, Tungkal Jaya District, South Sumatra. The results of the analysis show that the cooperative in this village has performed well, and the palm oil land has had major productivity. Several factors are associated with the success of the palm oil smallholding business model, such as the trust from members, the cooperative initiatives, and the sustainability of the plantations. In the framework of developing sustainable plantations, this cooperative has received the RSPO certificate. At the same time, the smallholders have also been able to set up savings funds for replanting to be used during the time to rejuvenate plants.

Technical efficiency of rice farming in Aceh Province, Indonesia

This study measures the technical efficiency of rice farming in Aceh Province, Indonesia. A sample of 5,351 households from the 2017 Household Farming Cost Structure Survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Province, Indonesia were gathered and analysed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Three inputs (i.e., number of labour working days, fertilizer, and seeds) and one output (i.e., number of rice harvest) were used to measure the technical efficiency of rice farming in the province. The study recorded a very low average level of technical efficiency either using a Constant Return to Scale (CRS) or a Variable Return to Scale (VRS) approaches. Two inputs were found not optimal for rice farming activities, namely the number of labour working days and the use of fertilizers, while the use of seeds was found optimal. The study suggests that the farmers should use fertilizers proportionately to the land area. The use of agricultural technology should be intensified to minimize the use of excess labour to reduce wage spending.

Income analysis of integrated farming system of dairy cow breeding farm, earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus), and citrus sinensis Valencia farm. Case study in Dau District, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia

The integrated farming system between dairy cow breeding, earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus), and citrus (Citrus sinensis valencia) plantations provides regular income for farmers and sustainable farming. This research aims to analyze farmers’ income based on the integrated farming system that has been done on these three commodities. This study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze data. Data were collected through questionnaires to 15 farmers who are members of Gading Kulon Farmer Group in Dau District, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia followed by in-depth interviews with key respondents. The study showed that dairy cow breeding provided annual income which contributed up to 58% of household income. Meanwhile, earthworm farming provides weekly income and twice a year income for citrus farming. Depending on the land area, Earthworms farming contributed up to 10% of household income, and citrus plantation was 33%, depending on the land area owned by farmers. The average income of Dairy cow breeding was Rp. 163,308,000 per year; the Average Income of earthworms was Rp. 27,058,000 per year, and the average income of citrus plants was 92,480,000 per year. However, integrated farming of these commodities does not work well in the community due to farmers’ lack of land and capital. Moreover, most respondents indicated that they were interested only in citrus farming because it is easier compared to dairy cow breeding and earthworm farming. Good cooperation from various parties is needed to increase the importance of integrated farming with these three commodities for sustainable farming in Indonesia.

Factors affecting the decision of potato farmers in adopting superior seeds in Bener Meriah District

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the horticultural commodities with excellent opportunities for agribusiness and agroindustry development. The use of high-quality seeds and appropriate technology is still far from the reach of farmers. Generally, potato farmers in the Bener Meriah District use potato seeds from the previous production, but some consistently use superior seeds in every cultivation activity. This study analyses the factors that made farmers adopt superior seeds for potatoes in Bener Meriah. Based on the study results, the variables of age, education level, length of farming, land area, and the number of dependents had no significant effect on adopting superior potato seeds in Bener Meriah. At the same time, the variables of access to capital and farmer participation have a significant effect on farmers’ decisions to adopt superior potato seeds in Bener Meriah.