Crystallographic technology as the way of verification quality of solutions of high dilution

Introduction: Studying of features of various influences on biosubstrates is interesting to practice, especially in the field of high dilutions (HD) researches. Majority of work in this area include only different methods of spectrophotometry, but informative approaches to their estimation are usually ignored, in particular, a crystallographic analysis is one of them. The present work is aimed at revealing thorough knowledge in the different influences’. The attempts of the crystallogenesis phenomenon are used in pharmacology of 30s years of XX century. At that time the priority problem, in these field, was shown the identification of preparations composition that was founded on suggestion about special type of their crystals. Besides, crystallographic analysis can be useful as way of verification quality. At present the growth of assortment and efficiency of influences’ can be ranked to most significant trends of HD. As a rule, medical biological activity decreasing is accompanied by the parallel growing of electromagnetic, amega and another influence. This fact requires undertaking the careful test of proposed preparation for revision of all sides of its actions, for what the different biological models, first of all laboratory bestial, are often used. Methods: As analyzed samples of NaCl solutions were taken. The concentration at the solution was 0,1%; 0,9% and 10% with  the use of solutions of High Dilution of Arnica 6 before and after influence. We used some crystalloscopic methods of biofluids study, such as classical crystalloscopy, allowing install the particularities own crystallogenesis of biosubstrates, and differential teziography, visualizing biofluid initiation potential. Tezigraphic component was investigated by main and additional parameters, characterizing physical and chemical properties of biological fluids. The count of derived factors of the teziocrystalloscopy was realized for full mathematical description and modeling of biosubstratescrystallogenesis. The dehydration picture of solution of any component composition is resulting from multiple parameters. Statistical processing was executed in Microsoft Excel 2003 and program packages SPSS 11.0 and Primer of biostatistics 4.03.   The NaCltesigrafic activity was compared with its crystalloscopy before and after influence (the estimation in vitro). Results: It was allowed to select the optimum concentration of Na Cl solutions, which had sufficient activity (0,9% solution). In this connection investigation in vivo (on laboratory mice) was continued with 0,9% concentration only. It is stated that the clear dependency exists between exercised concentrations of solution and crystalloscopic picture, formed by them. In particular, it is revealed that most typical crystalline form (the morphotype) for investigated join is single-crystalline structure of "pyramid" type. The information about facets, formed after influence, can be used for identification of facility with provision for its solution concentration.

Availability of Inpatient Pediatric Surgery in the United States

Background In 2015, the American College of Surgeons began its Children’s Surgery Verification Quality Improvement Program, promulgating standards intended to promote regionalization and improve pediatric surgical care. It was hypothesized that pediatric surgical care was already highly regionalized and concentrated before implementation of the program. This study aimed to demonstrate this by describing the sites and volume of nonambulatory pediatric surgery. Methods A two-part, retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was performed. First, six all-encounter state inpatient data sets (Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, and New York from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and Massachusetts from the Center for Health Information) were used to evaluate all procedures performed within specific hospitals in 2014. Next, a national sample data set (2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database) was used to determine the generalizability of the single state results. All acute care hospital admissions for patients less than 18 yr of age were included to describe the nature and location of all surgical procedures therein by patient age, surgical specialty, procedure type, and hospital service breadth. Results Within the six study states, there were 713 hospitals, of which 635 (89.1%) admitted patients less than 18 yr old, and 516 (72.4%) reported pediatric procedures. Among these, there were 9 specialty hospitals and 39 hospitals with services comparable to independent children’s hospitals. Of 153,587 procedures among 1,065,655 pediatric admissions, 127,869 (83.3%) took place within these 48 centers. This fraction decreased with age (89.9% of patients less than 2 yr old and 68.5% of 15- to 17-yr-olds), varied slightly by specialty, and was similar across states. Outside of specialized centers, teenagers accounted for 47.4% of all procedures. Within the national data sample, the concentration was similar: 8.7% (328 of 3,777) of all hospitals admitting children were responsible for 90.1% (793,905 of 881,049) of all procedures, with little regional variation. Conclusions Before the American College of Surgeons Children’s Surgery Verification Quality Improvement Program, the vast majority of pediatric nonambulatory surgeries were already confined to a small subset of high-capability and specialty centers. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New