A Symmetric Banzhaf Cooperation Value for Games with a Proximity Relation among the Agents

A cooperative game represents a situation in which a set of agents form coalitions in order to achieve a common good. To allocate the benefits of the result of this cooperation there exist several values such as the Shapley value or the Banzhaf value. Sometimes it is considered that not all communications between players are feasible and a graph is introduced to represent them. Myerson (1977) introduced a Shapley-type value for these situations. Another model for cooperative games is the Owen model, Owen (1977), in which players that have similar interests form a priori unions that bargain as a block in order to get a fair payoff. The model of cooperation introduced in this paper combines these two models following Casajus (2007). The situation consists of a communication graph where a two-step value is defined. In the first step a negotiation among the connected components is made and in the second one players inside each connected component bargain. This model can be extended to fuzzy contexts such as proximity relations that consider leveled closeness between agents as we proposed in 2016. There are two extensions of the Banzhaf value to the Owen model, because the natural way loses the group symmetry property. In this paper we construct an appropriate value to extend the symmetric option for situations with a proximity relation and provide it with an axiomatization. Then we apply this value to a political situation.

“Americans Have Taught Us: There Is A Difference Between Democracy and Creating Problems”

What effect does international involvement have on individual preferences for democracy? In the case of the Palestinian Authority, this chapter argues that international involvement creates a principle-agent problem between political elites (agent) and the societies they purport to present (principal). When international patrons are involved, political elites are shielded from societal pressures, and orient their decision-making towards the patron rather than society. Coupled with financial and infrastructural assistance, this has the effect of entrenching the regime in an inherently undemocratic manner. The chapter utilizes a mixed-method approach to assess this question. First, the chapter presents interviews with political elites, working within the regime and thus directly targeted by many forms of international involvement. Elites are asked about democracy to assess how external involvement affects their preferences on this subject, given their proximity/relation to the governing apparatus. For the sake of comparison across the state–society line, this study also utilizes a nationally-representative survey with an experimental component. The chapter provides empirical evidence of how international involvement may affect domestic preferences conditionally, depending on where individuals place themselves in relation to the regime. The chapter also provides evidence of a divergence in preferences across the state–society line, as a result of international involvement.

Topological Properties of Multigranular Rough sets on Fuzzy Approximation Spaces

One of the extensions of the basic rough set model introduced by Pawlak in 1982 is the notion of rough sets on fuzzy approximation spaces. It is based upon a fuzzy proximity relation defined over a Universe. As is well known, an equivalence relation provides a granularization of the universe on which it is defined. However, a single relation defines only single granularization and as such to handle multiple granularity over a universe simultaneously, two notions of multigranulations have been introduced. These are the optimistic and pessimistic multigranulation. The notion of multigranulation over fuzzy approximation spaces were introduced recently in 2018. Topological properties of rough sets are an important characteristic, which along with accuracy measure forms the two facets of rough set application as mentioned by Pawlak. In this article, the authors introduce the concept of topological property of multigranular rough sets on fuzzy approximation spaces and study its properties.

Kodning af [±Distance] i spanske NP’er med event-nominaliseringer som kerneled

This paper shows that the principles that govern the use of object prepositions inside Spanish NPs with event nominalizations as heads are similar to the ones applying to the sentence level anti-passive alternation. It is claimed that object prepositions encode a fundamental distinction between proximity and distance in terms of how the Agent and the Patient relate to each other. The preposition de ‘of ’ induces a proximity relation where no transfer of energy between the participant roles takes place, while prepositions different from de signal distance between the roles. The proximity vs. distance assumption and its foundation in the anti-passive alternation is corroborated by linguistic evidence concerned with the compatibility patterns of these NPs with directional participles and verbonominal predicates.

Clustering Methods Based on Weighted Quasi-Arithmetic Means of T-Transitive Fuzzy Relations

In this paper we propose clustering methods based on weighted quasiarithmetic means of T-transitive fuzzy relations. We first generate a T-transitive closure RT from a proximity relation R based on a max-T composition and produce a T-transitive lower approximation or opening RT from the proximity relation R through the residuation operator. We then aggregate a new T-indistinguishability fuzzy relation by using a weighted quasiarithmetic mean of RT and RT. A clustering algorithm based on the proposed T-indistinguishability is thus created. We compare clustering results from three critical ti-indistinguishabilities: minimum (t3), product (t2), and Łukasiewicz (t1). A weighted quasiarithmetic mean of a t1-transitive closure [Formula: see text] and a t1-transitive lower approximation or opening [Formula: see text] with the weight [Formula: see text], demonstrates the superiority and usefulness of clustering begun by using a proximity relation R based on the proposed clustering algorithm. The algorithm is then applied to the practical evaluation of the performance of higher education in Taiwan.