Complex analysis between CV modes and OAM modes in fiber systems

As two groups of bases in fibers, cylindrical vector (CV) modes and the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes can be transformed into each other. Several transformation relations have been studied in previous works, such as ${\hat \sigma ^ + }OA{M_{ + l}} = HE_{l + 1,m}^{even} + iHE_{l + 1,m}^{odd}.$ However, these relations are discussed in the limitation of equal amplitude, limited phase difference $\left( {{{k\pi } \over 2},{\rm{ }}k \in Z} \right)$ and finite (generally two) mode bases. Complete connection between the CV and OAM modes has not been found. In this paper, a four-dimensional complex space model is constructed to describe arbitrary CV and OAM modes. The reliability of the model is verified by previously reported results and our experiment results. The complete transformation relation between the CV modes and OAM modes is well described in the model. Furthermore, two common kinds of relations have been researched, that is, a single arbitrary polarized OAM mode and two arbitrary orthogonal polarized OAM modes and their corresponding CV modes. These two kinds of states include most of previously reported states, and some new states have not been reported.

Asynchronous distributed state estimation for continuous-time stochastic processes

The problem of state estimation of a continuous-time stochastic process using an Asynchronous Distributed multi-sensor Estimation (ADE) system is considered. The state of a process of interest is estimated by a group of local estimators constituting the proposed ADE system. Each estimator is based, e.g., on a Kalman filter and performs single sensor filtration and fusion of its local results with the results from other/remote processors to compute possibly the best state estimates. In performing data fusion, however, two important issues need to be addressed namely, the problem of asynchronism of local processors and the issue of unknown correlation between asynchronous data in local processors. Both the problems, along with their solutions, are investigated in this paper. Possible applications and effectiveness of the proposed ADE approach are illustrated by simulated experiments, including a non-complete connection graph of such a distributed estimation system.

PENERAPAN ASAS NASIONALITAS DALAM PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN AGRARIA INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS PP NO.40 TAHUN 1996)

The Agrarian law regulated that only the Indonesian citizen that have the complete connection with the earth, water and the sky. This means that only Indonesian citizen that have “the rightful autority of land”. This suggests there are a principle of nationality in the Law no. 5 years 1960 primarily as the strongest and fullest of a hereditary property. Keywords : nationality principle, public service, welfare state.