Vehicular Analysis of a Bridge Structure Considering IRC Loading Condition using Sap 2000

A beam bridge is a bridge that uses struts as a method of supporting the deck. A bridge consists of three sections: the foundation consisting of protrusions and supports and the substructure consisting of protrusions and quay and the superstructure (bracing, cantilever or curve) and the deck. A beam bridge is probably the most manufactured and used bridge on the planet. Its basic plant, at its best, can be likened to a tree trunk extending to one side to alternate across a stream or river. All decks consist of two main parts: the substructure and the superstructure. The superstructure is everything from the support cushions to - it's the thing that supports the posts and it's the most distinctive part of the deck. The substructure is the device that exchanges the poles of the superstructure on the ground. The two sections must work together to form a strong and durable bridge. Prestressed concrete is basically concrete where the internal concern is reasonable and the pressure propagation created by the external load is concentrated to the desired extent. In this research, we analyze a beam bridge with the effect of prestressed concrete and compare it to a generic deck bridge. Regarding the finite element analysis, the analysis of forces and costs. Here it is concluded that the implementation of a prestressed ceiling results in an economical, stable and load-resistant element.

Air pressure propagation through Wind Cave and Jewel Cave: How do pressure waves travel through barometric caves?

In barometric caves, air pressure gradients between the outside atmosphere and the cave induce strong bidirectional compensating currents, which control almost all elements of speleoclimatology, including air temperature, humidity, and CO2 dynamics. Therefore, this study set out to investigate air pressure propagation through Wind Cave and Jewel Cave – two major barometric cave systems in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. Based on high-resolution air pressure data from both the surface and several measurement sites inside the caves, four systematic changes of pressure waves during their journey through the caves and their related speleoclimatological processes were identified and discussed: Compared to the outside atmosphere, the pressure signals within Wind Cave and Jewel Cave showed (1) an absolute displacement due to different altitudes of the measuring sites, (2) a delay related to the travel times of the pressure wave to the measuring sites, (3) a smoothing effect, and (4) a damping effect due to long response times of the caves to external pressure changes. The spatial distribution of the changes observed in this study shows that for Wind Cave, the cave opening and the narrow entrance area represent the main obstacle for pressure propagation, while for Jewel Cave, the deep areas have the greatest influence on the development of air pressure gradients. Our analyses provide completely new insights into the processes and mechanisms inside barometric caves, which will significantly contribute to the understanding of pressure-related airflow dynamics and all related elements of speleoclimatology.

Lighthill's analogy applied to a automotive turbocharger compressor

Computing transient CFD simulations of turbocharger compressors is computationally very demanding. It is of fundamental importance to resolve turbulent structures at the location of their generation and to establish a fine enough grid to allow propagation of the resolved structures. This results in high-resolution grids, existing of more than 20 million cells. Applying Lighthill's analogy, it is possible to only resolve turbulent structures at their location of generation and compute the pressure propagation by using an additional, not that demanding, acoustic grid. This allows using coarser CFD grids in the inlet and outlet section. For transferring Lighthill's source terms from the CFD to the acoustic grid, advanced interpolation algorithms are used. The simulation results are validated by measurements of a cold gas test rig are considered.