Ice on Suspension Bridge Cables

In this report we study mathematical models for predicting when ice may form and fall from vertical steel hangers of suspension bridges down onto the road below. This is an important problem to study, not only because of the economic costs related to closing a bridge due to the risk of falling ice, but also the human cost if the bridge is still open to traffic when ice falls down. In the report we present two main categories of models for predicting falling times: 1) models based on heat transfer from the surrounding air, and 2) models based on heating due to radiation from the sun. A flow chart is furthermore presented together with tables for determining which model to use and quickly estimating time of failure based on a set of simple conditions.

Designing and Validating Parallel Wire Suspension Bridge Wire Strands for Neutron Diffraction Stress Mapping

Suspension-bridge cables are constructed from strands of galvanized steel wire. They are failure-critical structural members, so a fundamental understanding of their mechanics is imminently important in quantifying suspension bridge safety. The load-carrying capabilities of such strands after local wire failures have been the subject of many theoretical studies utilizing analytical equations and finite-element analysis. Little experimental data, however, exists to validate these models.Over the past five years we have developed a methodology for measuring stress/strain transfer within parallel wire strands of suspension bridge cables using neutron diffraction [1,2]. In this paper we describe the design and verification of parallel cable strands used in our studies. We describe the neutron diffraction strain measurements performed on standard 7-wire and expanded 19-wire models in various configurations at both the Los Alamos National Laboratory Spectrometer for Materials Research at Temperature and Stress (LANL SMARTS) and at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory VULCAN Engineering Materials Diffractometer (ORNL VULCAN). Particular attention is placed on the challenges of aligning and measuring multibody systems with high strain gradients at body-to-body contact points.