INCREASED EFFICIENCY FOR CLEANING THE HEAVES IN POTATO HARVESTING MACHINES

Проблема и цель. При уборке картофеля от клубней отделяется значительное количество почвы. Просеивающие сепараторы недостаточно эффективны на суглинистых почвах при повышенной или пониженной влажности, что приводит к снижению агротехнических и эксплуатационных показателей уборочной техники. Это вызывает возрастание нагрузки на органы выносной сепарации, в частности, на пальчиковые горки. Цель исследований – повышение эффективности работы по очистке вороха в картофелеуборочных машинах. Методология. Предварительно отсепарированный картофельный ворох, попадая на пальчиковую горку, должен находиться в постоянном движении, чтобы обеспечивать отделение клубней картофеля от примесей. Колебания пальчатого транспортера горки позволяют интенсифицировать процесс разделения компонентов картофельного вороха и увеличить площадь сепарации. Почвенные комки, камни и растительные примеси благодаря колебаниям застревают между пальцами транспортера, а округлые клубни картофеля приобретают дополнительную подвижность. Настройка колебаний пальчиковой горки производится исходя из условий уборки и типа почвы путем регулирования частоты вращения кулачкового блока и высоты его установки. Рассмотрено взаимодействие кулачка встряхивающего механизма с пальчатым полотном горки. Скорость колебаний полотна горки зависит от радиуса кулачка и угловой скорости. Результаты. Анализ показал, что ускорение подбрасывания полотна в значительной степени зависит от угловой скорости кулачка. Установлено, что при угле наклона пальчиковой горки 12°-35° величина ускорений для скатывания клубней по горке составляет ay = 9,59-8,0 м/с², что соответствует угловой скорости кулачка встряхивающего механизма 13,8-12,7 рад/с или частоте вращения 132,2-121,3 об/мин. Заключение. Применение кулачкового встряхивающего механизма позволяет повысить качество работы пальчиковой горки и обеспечить возможность регулировки частоты и амплитуды при изменении почвенно-климатических условий Problem and purpose. When harvesting potatoes, a signifcant amount of soil is separated from tubers. Screening separators are not efective enough on loamy soils with high or low humidity, which leads to a decrease in the agrotechnical and operational indicators of harvesting equipment This causes an increase in the load on external separation organs, in particular, on hedgehog slides. Methodology. The pre-separated potato heap, falling on the hedgehog, must be in constant motion to ensure the separation of potato tubers from impurities. Oscillations of the roller slide conveyor make it possible to intensify the process of separating the components of the potato heap and to increase the separation area. Soil lumps, stones and plant impurities get stuck between the conveyor fngers due to vibrations, and rounded potato tubers acquire additional mobility. The vibration of the hedgehog slide is adjusted based on the harvesting conditions and soil type by adjusting the rotational speed of the cam block and the height of its installation. The interaction of the pin of the shaking mechanism with the fnger-like blade of the slide is considered. The oscillation speed of the roller bed depends on the radius of the pin and the angular velocity. Results. Analysis has shown that the acceleration of the belt throw depends largely on the angular velocity of the pin. It was found that at an angle of inclination of the hedgehog slide of 12° - 35°, the magnitude of the accelerations for rolling tubers down the hill is ay = 9.59 – 8.0 m/s2, which corresponds to the angular velocity of the shaking mechanism pin 13.8 – 12.7 rad/s or a speed of 132.2 – 121.3 rpm. Conclusion. The use of a pin shaking mechanism improves the quality of the hedgehog slide and provides the ability to adjust the frequency and amplitude when soil and climatic conditions change.

KINEMATICS OF METALLURGICAL CUTTERS WITH PARALLEL BLADES

Cutting with parallel blades cutters consists of three periods: blades ridging in metal; cutting; chipping (separation). Maximum force is required at the end of the ridging period and at the beginning of cutting. Since one of the blades is stationary, the second blade in cutting process has to go deep into the entire thickness of metal to cut the billet. For example, if thickness of metal is20 mm, then the upper blade needs to pass20 mmfor its cutting. If you make both blades moving towards each other, cutting effort will be less. In this case, each blade cutting20 mmof metal will pass 10mm. In order not to make mechanism of cutter with two movable blades too complicated, it is important to ensure its mobility from one drive. So, there acute the issue of arrangement possibility of blades moving towards each other with guaranteed strength of the units, transmitting effort on the blades. Kinematic scheme of cutters with blades moving parallel to each other in a vertical plane is proposed. Advantages of the proposed cutters design are the following: counter movement of blades requires less effort to cut the billet; force from each blade is distributed to two connecting rods, reducing load on each of them; since blades move towards each other, the main cutting force is distributed along the units of the mechanism and is transmitted to the engine, which reduces load on the frame and foundation when cutting; when blades move towards each other, metal separation occurs faster, it allows to concentrate maximal force during cutting with minimal load on the engine; the cut part of the billet does not fall below the roller bed at the end of cutting, so installation of the lower movable table is not required. Mobility of the proposed mechanism is determined by P.L. Chebyshev formula with its value = 1. Kinematic analysis of blades is carried out using a special method, which is in using point of connecting rods intersection.

Variability of Data When Testing the Handbrake Parking System vs The Electronic Park Brake with Three Maha Testers at Ministry of Transport Facilities

This research is focused on the test of the traditional handbrake parking brake vs the electronic parking brake (EPB) systems at Ministry of transport facilities. Different results are obtained when testing on three different roller bed testers from the Maha brand. Data variation results when braking with both systems are the same due to the MOT brake tester characteristics.

Variability of Data When Testing the Handbrake Parking System vs The Electronic Park Brake with Three Maha Testers at Ministry of Transport Facilities

This research is focused on the test of the traditional handbrake parking brake vs the electronic parking brake (EPB) systems at Ministry of transport facilities. Different results are obtained when testing on three different roller bed testers from the Maha brand. Data variation results when braking with both systems are the same due to the MOT brake tester characteristics.

Postharvest Decay Management for Stone Fruit Crops in California Using the “Reduced-Risk” Fungicides Fludioxonil and Fenhexamid

In laboratory studies and experimental packingline trials that closely simulated fungicide treatments under commercial conditions, the “reduced-risk” fungicides fenhexamid and fludioxonil were highly effective in managing postharvest brown rot and gray mold decays of peach, nectarine, and plum caused by Monilinia fructicola and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. Tebuconazole was more effective against brown rot than against gray mold. Additionally, fludioxonil and tebuconazole significantly reduced the incidence of Rhizopus rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer. In laboratory studies, the QoI fungicide azoxystrobin was not consistent in its decay control activity. The high efficacy of fenhexamid and fludioxonil against brown rot and gray mold was substantiated by low effective concentrations necessary (≤0.063 mg/liter)for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth in vitro. In general, fungicides applied 14 to 16 h after wound inoculation were significantly more effective than those applied before inoculation. These results indicate that the fungicides act mainly as protectants that do not penetrate deeply enough into the fruit to prevent decay from wounds that extend below the fruit epidermis. Laboratory treatments of plum fruit generally were less effective than those of peach or nectarine fruit. Comparative studies using either low-volume spray or high-volume, in-line drench applications over a roller bed demonstrated that drench applications were significantly more effective in reducing postharvest decaysof inoculated plum fruit. Decay incidence using fenhexamid or fludioxonil was ≤1.1%, whereas incidence after the spray applications was between 25.2 and 40.4% for brown rot, between 12.0 and 24.3% for gray mold, or 62.6% for Rhizopus rot (fludioxonil only). This research identified effective replacements for iprodione, a fungicide voluntarily canceled by the manufacturer in 1996.