FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL (PNS) UNTUK MELAKUKAN TINDAKAN WHISTLE-BLOWING (STUDI PADA PNS BPK RI)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh faktor sikap terhadap whistle-blowing, komitmen organisasi, personal cost, dan tingkat keseriusan kecurangan terhadap minat whistle-blowing pegawai negeri sipil di lingkungan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia (BPK RI). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui survei kuesioner secara online. Menggunakan sampel 107 orang pegawai BPK RI yang berasal dari 35 induk unit kerja yang berbeda, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga dari empat determinan secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap minat whistle-blowing PNS BPK-RI. Ketiga determinan yang dimaksud adalah sikap terhadap whistle-blowing, komitmen organisasi, dan tingkat keseriusan kecurangan. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi pada literatur dengan mengonfirmasi Teori Prosocial Organizational Behavior, Theory of Planned Behavior, dan konsep Komitmen Organisasi serta diharapkan dapat membantu pemerintah, khususnya BPK RI, dalam merancang strategi peningkatan minat whistle blowing pegawainya maupun dalam mendesain atau menyempurnakan whistle-blowing system pada institusinya. Hasil penelitian memiliki keterbatasan pada aspek generalisasi, selection bias dalam pengumpulan data, dan sensitifitas tema penelitian yang berpotensi menimbulkan bias dengan kondisi nyata. Melalui penelitian ini kami menyarankan peneliti berikutnya untuk mengeksplorasi determinan minat whistle-blowing lainnya, mendesain penelitian yang spesifik pada saluran dan bentuk whistle-blowing, menguji kembali konsistensi pengaruh variabel personal cost, menghindari metode pengumpulan data yang memunculkan selection bias, dan memperluas sampel.

Public Service Motivation and Decisions to Report Wrongdoing in U.S. Federal Agencies: Is This Relationship Mediated by the Seriousness of the Wrongdoing

Scholars have argued that whistle-blowing is consistent with public service motivation (PSM), given that whistle-blowing is a form of self-sacrifice and concern for the public interest. Such a connection is also consistent with the Prosocial Organizational Behavior (POB) Model. However, only one article was found that examined the direct association between PSM and whether or not employees reported unlawful acts. Furthermore, no article was found to explore the relationship between PSM, whistle-blowing, and seriousness of wrongdoing—an important intervening factor that influences decisions to report. This is surprising because whistle-blowers can prevent detrimental harm to individuals and society and yet we still know little about the internal motives that cause them to come forward. Consequently, the connection between PSM and whistle-blowing was investigated further in this article. Consistent with the POB Model, PSM was positively associated with whistle-blowing generally, as well as internal and external whistle-blowing. Seriousness of wrongdoing was also found to have a positive effect on whistle-blowing. Furthermore, seriousness of wrongdoing was found to moderate the relationship between PSM and only internal whistle-blowing. The implications of the findings are discussed in the article.

Alienation Matters: Validity and Utility of Etzioni's Theory of Commitment in Explaining Prosocial Organizational Behavior

In this study assumptions of Etzioni's (1975) theory of control and commitment are tested. Psychometric evidence is provided for the reliability and validity of the Organizational Commitment Scale (Penley & Gould, 1988), operationalizing Etzioni's typology of so-called calculative, alienative, and moral commitment. In a sample of 172 hospital workers, these 3 dimensions were found to be empirically distinct. Structural equation modeling was used to confirm differential effects of distributive and procedural justice perceptions on calculative, alienative, and moral commitment, supporting the notion that different forms of attachment develop partly in response to organizational compliance systems. When investigating simultaneous effects on supervisor-rated prosocial behavior, only alienation had a significant (negative) impact. Findings indicate acceptable validity and utility of a commitment model grounded in social theory for explaining organizational behavior.