Pengaruh Behavioral Finance Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Hutang di Era Covid-19: Studi Kasus Pada UMKM Sektor Makanan di Kota Bandung

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh bevaioral finance dengan mengunakan factor bias overconfidence terhadap pengambilan keputusan hutang pada UMKM dan pengaruh behavioural finance dengan menggunakan factor bias illusion of control terhadap pengambilan keputusan hutang pada UMKM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian berbasis kuantitatif, dengan jenis metoda penelitian yang dipakai adalah Regresi Linier Berganda. Penelitian ini menggunakan 59 sampel pelaku usaha UMKM sector makanan yang berada di wilayah Kota Bandung. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara teknik sampling insidental dan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada responden yaitu pelaku sekaligus pemilik UMKM. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh overconfidenceyang signifikan terhadap pengambilan keputusan hutang disaat era pandemic covid-19 yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha UMKM sector makanan yang berada di wilayah Kota Bandung. Dan hasil penelitian pun menujukan bahwa ada pengaruh signikan dari factor bias illusion of control terhadap pengambilan keputusan hutang disaat era pandemic covid-19 yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha UMKM sector makanan yang berada di wilayah Kota Bandung.Keputusan Berhutang yang dilakukan pelaku UMKM sector makanan di kota Bandung ini dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik responden yang memiliki usia produktif 36 sampai dengan 40 tahun, sebagian besar perempuan dengan latar belakang Pendidikan perguruan tinggi yang sudah menggeluti usaha lebih dari 5 tahun.

Evaluation of the Scaling Factor Bias Influence on the Probability of Collapse Using Sa(T1) as the Intensity Measure

Amplitude scaling is a common approach to modify recorded ground motions to achieve a desired intensity level. The possible bias introduced by scaling the amplitude of ground motions when using the first-mode spectral ordinate as the intensity measure is evaluated using intensity-based analyses. This study evaluates whether upward scaling introduces bias in lateral displacement demands, but more importantly, in the probability of collapse. The latter, which is of utmost importance, has received little attention in previous studies. Analyses were conducted using degrading single-degree-of-freedom and multiple-degree-offreedom systems with different fundamental periods of vibration and normalized strengths subjected to different sets of recorded accelerograms requiring different scale factors to reach a target intensity. The results demonstrate that this type of amplitude scaling introduces a bias in which lateral displacement demands and collapse estimates are increasingly overestimated with an increasing scale factor and that the bias is strongly dependent on the period and lateral strength of the system. Furthermore, the bias is considerably larger in collapse risk estimates.

Natural and Reproducible Capital

This chapter examines possible factor biases in the way different countries use reproducible and natural capital, using an equation that also takes into account the bundle of capital goods which, combined with labor, is used to produce GDP. The goal of the chapter is to determine how the factor bias varies across countries, and in particular how it varies with income per worker. The factor bias requires three ingredients: relative supply, relative marginal products, and elasticity of substitution. After estimating the relative supply of reproducible capital and relative marginal productivities, the chapter infers the bias toward reproducible capital. The results reveal a negative relation between income and relative marginal products.

Paired Multiple Choice Questionnaires

Multiple Choice Question (MCQs) tests have long been used as assessment tools. A significant problem of MCQs tests is the positive grades bias introduced by guessing. This chapter describes a novel assessment tool in which the questions given in the test constitute pairs, referred to as “paired” MCQs (p-MCQs). Every pair addresses the same topic, but this similarity is not evident for a student who does not possess adequate knowledge on the topic addressed in the questions of the pair. The answers to the questions are graded in pairs, providing a bonus, if both questions of the pair are correctly answered, or a penalty, if only one of the pair's questions is answered correctly. If both answers are wrongly answered no marking is collected by the examinee. Application examples are reviewed, indicating that the p-MCQs method removes the guessing factor bias, in a way that might not overtly induce the dissuading effects of direct negative marking of incorrect answers, commonly used in mixed-scoring schemes.

Offshoring and Directed Technical Change

We study the implications of offshoring on innovation, technology, and wage inequality in a Ricardian model with directed technical change. Profit maximization determines both the extent of offshoring and the direction of technological progress. A fall in the offshoring cost induces technical change with an ambiguous factor bias. When the initial cost of offshoring is high, an increase in offshoring opportunities causes a fall in the real wages of unskilled workers in industrial countries, skill-biased technical change and rising skill premia. When the offshoring cost is sufficiently low, instead, offshoring induces technical change biased in favor of the unskilled workers. (JEL J24, J31, L24, O33)

Procedimiento para el Control Automático de la Frecuencia en el Sistema Nacional Interconectado del Ecuador

Se presenta un procedimiento que permite obtener los valores de ajuste del factor BIAS de frecuencia del sistema eléctrico del Ecuador a partir de la integración de las características aleatorias de la carga del sistema, de las características de los gobernadores de velocidad de las unidades que participan en el control, de la composición de las unidades que participan en el control y de las bandas muertas de los sistemas de control central de Ecuador y de Colombia. Para la consecución de los objetivos se utilizan métodos estadísticos para el procesamiento de las bases de datos de mediciones tomadas en tiempo real y métodos de simulación a partir del modelo concentrado equivalente del sistema interconectado Ecuador – Colombia. Los valores de ajuste obtenidos al utilizar el procedimiento propuesto son comparados con los valores propuestos por procedimientos de optimización encontrados en la literatura especializada, atendiendo al criterio del número de acciones de control y a la calidad de la respuesta de la transferencia por las líneas de enlace.