To Study the Socio-Economic Status of Small and Marginal Farmers with Special Reference to Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe Farmers of Kamrup District of Assam

SES (socio-economic status) is a measurement of an entity's economic and social position in comparison to others in society. It has an impact on resource accessibility, livelihood patterns, food and nutritional security, and so on. Knowledge, attitude, perception, adoption, change-proneness, level of aspiration, economic motivation and other psychological and behavioural components of a sample are frequently predicted. The present study tried to investigate about the socio economic status of the marginal and small farmers with special reference to Schedule caste and schedule tribe farmers in Kamrup district of Assam. Descriptive research design has been used . Data of 120 respondents were collected with the help of pre-structured questionnaire and personal interview. The study was conducted in 5 villages in Kamrup district of Assam in the year 2021.Thirteen variables were selected viz. category Gender, age, caste, education, annual income, occupation, social participation, types of house, land holding , Mass media exposure, farm power, material possessed, Extension contact were taken into account. Equal numbers of respondents were taken from SC and ST. 64.2% of the respondents were male. Majority of them were under 30 years old. Majority of the percentage had primary level of education, along with medium annual income. The overall SES category was medium level with 48.3% and low level 32.5% of SES category, 19.2% high level.

Gauging Class and Caste differences in Mortality: The Indian Experience

This study is an exposition of class-caste based differences in mortality experience based on an indicator called household prevalence of death. It involves 75,432 death cases collected in National Family Health Survey-4, analysed using Relative Deprivation Index (RDI). We found, the prevalence of death found to be 11.8% in India, which varies across states and social and economic groups. The RDI values depict that the poorer households along with social group identities like schedule tribe and schedule caste households displayed a uniform disadvantage as regarding mortality across many states. The analysis offers evidence on differential experience of mortality across socio-economic identities. The evidence suggests poorer states having a marked disadvantage along with social and economic classes.

Lived Experiences of the Indian Stigmatized Group in Reference to Socio-Political Empowerment: A Phenomenological Approach

The authors present the lived experiences of the stigmatized castes in the context of the opportunities made available by the government of India for their Socio-Political Empowerment. The study aimed to gain an understanding about the respondents’ unique experiences of caste-based stigmatization at their workplace, their overall experience of empowerment at work and the other spheres of their lives, and to capture their perceived importance of, and the success of reservation policy as well as several other initiatives taken by the Government of India for empowering the marginalized castes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 male Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribe respondents working at respectable positions in the government organizations situated in the National Capital Region of Delhi. The phenomenological approach (Langdridge, 2007) was used to unearth the essence of the participant’s experiences of stigma driven treatments. The overall perceptions and experiences of the respondents included experiencing direct and indirect forms of caste-related discrimination at workplace; experiencing economic, social and psychological empowerment but not at the workplace; favouring the policy of reservation for Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribe in government jobs; and believing in the improper implementation of policies in India. The research findings indicate the incomplete success of the governmental policies for the holistic empowerment of the Indian marginalized castes.

Dental Management towards Sickle Patients: A Literature Review

Sickle cell disease is an autosomal dominant haemoglobinopathy in which an abnormal form of hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) polymerizes under low oxygen saturation and alters normal spherical shaped RBCs into sickle shape. In India, sickle cell disease is prevalent in central and southern states like Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. In various districts like Korba, Kanker, Rajnandgaon, Durg, Bilaspur, Raipur, Dantewada, Bastar, Mahasumund, Dhamtari, Kawardha and Jangjir-Champa of Chhattisgarh, frequency of sickle cell disease are approximately 10%. Screening results suggest that the prevalence of homozygous sickle cell disease was 2.1% and that of heterozygous sickle cell disease was 10% among different tribes. Prevalence rate among schedule tribe was 43.0%, schedule caste was 18.26% and 35.3% among OBC group with the majority of cases reported in Agharia, Kurmi, Teli and Panika castes. Common oral findings of dental hypoplasia, delayed eruption, mucosal pallor, and radiographic changes are noticed in this disease. This paper aims to describe etiology, prevelance of sickle cell disease in chhattisgarh region and the role of dental surgeon for the management of such patients.