Multilingual Offensive Language Identification for Low-resource Languages

Offensive content is pervasive in social media and a reason for concern to companies and government organizations. Several studies have been recently published investigating methods to detect the various forms of such content (e.g., hate speech, cyberbullying, and cyberaggression). The clear majority of these studies deal with English partially because most annotated datasets available contain English data. In this article, we take advantage of available English datasets by applying cross-lingual contextual word embeddings and transfer learning to make predictions in low-resource languages. We project predictions on comparable data in Arabic, Bengali, Danish, Greek, Hindi, Spanish, and Turkish. We report results of 0.8415 F1 macro for Bengali in TRAC-2 shared task [23], 0.8532 F1 macro for Danish and 0.8701 F1 macro for Greek in OffensEval 2020 [58], 0.8568 F1 macro for Hindi in HASOC 2019 shared task [27], and 0.7513 F1 macro for Spanish in in SemEval-2019 Task 5 (HatEval) [7], showing that our approach compares favorably to the best systems submitted to recent shared tasks on these three languages. Additionally, we report competitive performance on Arabic and Turkish using the training and development sets of OffensEval 2020 shared task. The results for all languages confirm the robustness of cross-lingual contextual embeddings and transfer learning for this task.

Investigating Factors Affecting Human Resource Productivity in Government Organizations

This article examines the factors affecting human resource productivity in government organizations. Due to the endless innovations and changes that we are facing in the world, successful organizations have taken special measures to use all the intellectual and practical capacities of their employees. In today’s world, attention to human resources as the axis of change and the basic element of any organization that operates under the influence of information and communication is more and more felt. Also, the idea of empowering, motivating and involving human resources is considered as one of the strategic and vital programs of managing. In this article, the factors affecting the increase of human resource productivity and the factors that reduce the productivity of human resource in government organizations have been fully studied.

Experience, Emotion, and Exhaustion: How Unionization Influences Emotional Labor

While HRM scholars have built a rich body of knowledge regarding emotional labor (EL), we know comparatively less about the social origins of EL components and individual outcomes in government work contexts. To address this gap, we employ conservation of resources theory to examine how one prominent social institution within government organizations, labor unions, influence the process through which EL shapes one individual-level outcome, emotional exhaustion. We also draw from the process model of EL developed by Brotheridge and Lee to evaluate one specific countervailing resource, person-job fit. Results obtained using data from the 2016 U.S. Merit Principles Survey suggest that unionization indirectly increases emotional exhaustion via increases in the perceived need for false face acting. While unionization does not have a direct relationship with person-job fit, perceived increases in the need for false face acting contributes to emotional exhaustion by reducing person-job fit.

Applications of ANN for Agriculture Using Remote Sensed Data

Ever since the advent of modern geo information systems, tracking environmental changes due to natural and/or manmade causes with the aid of remote sensing applications has been an indispensable tool in numerous fields of geography, most of the earth science disciplines, defense, intelligence, commerce, economics, and administrative planning. Remote sensing is used in science and technology, and through it, an object can be identified, measured, and analyzed without physical presence for interpretation. In India remote sensing has been using since 1970s. One among these applications is the crop classification and yield estimation. Using remote sensing in agriculture for crop mapping, and yield estimation provides efficient information, which is mainly used in many government organizations and the private sector. The pivotal sector for ensuring food security is a major concern of interest in these days. In time, availability of information on agricultural crops is vital for making well-versed decisions on food security issues.

Career Predilections and Options to Opt Occupation for the Youth in Pakistan

The aim of this study is to find the employment options and career choices of young people in a developing country, Pakistan. In this regard, an exploratory approach is used to conduct this study. The findings of the study show that there are formal and informal options for the youth to choose occupations. Formal includes the employment opportunities provided by the government which include in the long term and short term in their services; however, informal employment includes different kinds of work in the different sectors. Overseas employment is the external option of the career choice for the youth. However, a business incubation center is an internal source of career for university students and graduates who want to opt for entrepreneurship as their career choice. This study provides implications for the government and non-government organizations to create different kinds of employment opportunities to accommodate the huge youth population and make them productive for the economic development of the country and reduce the rate of unemployment.

Institutional dimension for sustainable development: the relationship of organic and conventional cotton farming with government

This study aimed to examine the institutional dimension of conventional and organic cotton farming; specifically, the relationships between farms and government organizations. In both, conventional and organic production systems, the farmers are located in varying institutional environments. These environments include a social capital formed by relationships of trust and cognitive affinities. This study focused on the social capital and guidelines for sustainable development. Multiple study cases were used for explanatory purposes. Such cases refer to a conventional cotton farming business and a civil society organization dedicated to organic cotton farming, both located in the state of Piauí. A comparative analysis perspective was adopted based on the elements of content analysis. The results showed that the conventional cotton farming business comprises relationships with governmental organizations that are predominantly oriented towards economic efficiency purposes, while the family-based organic cotton farming association comprises relationships oriented by economic, social, and environmental objectives. The present study extends the discussion on these topics by analyzing the institutional dimension oriented towards the sustainable development premises.

The Cultural and Institutional Barrier of Knowledge Exchanges in the Development of Open Source Software

Open source software (OSS) gives developing countries inexpensive or free alternatives to proprietary software. It gives them the opportunity to develop software and software industry without starting from scratch. This chapter discusses the diffusion and development of OSS in Indonesia especially after the government took “Indonesia, Go Open Source” (IGOS) initiative. This initiative united government organizations, communities, R&D institutions, and universities. While the government's concern was to tackle piracy by replacing illegal software with OSS, the others sought to develop their own OSS. However, the openness of their software is only in terms of that they were developed using OSS development tools, while their mode of development remained closed, which was caused by cultural barrier and institutional incompatibility between government's regime of project administration and the governance of OSS development.

Opinions of the Software and Supply Chain Assurance Forum on Education, Training, and Certifications

This article provides an overview of discussions held at the Software and Supply Chain Assurance (SSCA) forum held May 1-2, 2018, in McLean, Virginia. The two-day event focused on education and training for software assurance (SwA) and Cyber-Supply Chain Risk Management (C-SCRM). Attendees discussed questions such as “What are some challenges facing industry, academia, and government organizations in this area?” “Who needs education or training?” “What needs to be taught?” and “What strategies do or do not work?” Discussions related to the current environment, hiring and retaining qualified employees, defining roles and responsibilities, and the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that are most in-demand.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATED PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN FOR LOCAL CONTENT REQUIREMENTS

In connection with membership in the World Trade Organization and the Eurasian Economic Union, the Republic of Kazakhstan has taken several obligations to create equal conditions for producers of goods, works and services of all participating countries. This circumstance makes it difficult to provide direct support to domestic producers. The purchases of government bodies, quasi-government organizations and subsoil users of solid minerals, hydrocarbons and uranium (government-regulated purchases) create a significant volume of demand for various kinds of goods, works and services. Therefore, within the framework of the research, a literary review of the regulatory legal acts governing the procurement of these entities was carried out. An assessment of the norms contributing to an increase in the share of local content in purchases is given. As a result, proposals were formed to improve legislation in order to increase the effectiveness of these norms.

An Analysis of the Challenges and Strategies to Improve and Strengthen the Employment Status of Persons with Disabilities in Asia

Over the past few decades, the employment of persons with disabilities in the Asia region has been the subject of the spotlight of several studies from various government and non-government organizations. A proper and thorough look at the employment status of persons with disabilities is a crucial aspect in the overall improvement of their rights in society, especially in terms of being free from discrimination by having equal access to decent work along with other members of society. Several transformations have occurred in the employment status of persons with disabilities. With growing potential being seen in the current world work atmosphere, persons with disabilities, with the help of technological advances, the popularity of the so-called Gig Economy, and expanding entrepreneurial spirit of the populace, the door seems to be opening wider for persons with disabilities. Given this current picture of what is happening in Asia, this paper will look at the growth of employment of persons with disabilities and its causes; the current realities and challenges, as well as possible directions that this trend is taking; and the effective strategies to further develop and promote employment of persons with disabilities.