Economic Activities and Standard of Living of Schedule Tribe (Hills) People: A case study in the Kamrup District

This research comes under the title: Micro-finance and its impact on the living standard during the period 2009-2017 (A case study: AL Fula, AL Nuhud and AL Khuwai towns in West Kordufan State(WKS)).The main obgectives are, to find out the impact of income which received from various projecs financed through micro-finance institutions in WKS on some economic and social indicators,beside study of different obsticales and provide solutions to improve micro-finance projecs in this Estate. The study adopted descriptive and analytical statistical method to study the case, hence the study concoluded with several findings such as,micro-finance provide great opportunities to encrouge economic activities through creating of other sub-activities,increasing income of many individuals beside provides work opportunities and enhancement of social empowerments more specifically for whomens. The study recommended the important of developing micro-finance services , increasing government efforts to develop credit funds and other social institutions , modificaions of returns on micro-finance for banks,dissemination of culture ,increasing awareness and provides training courses to link customers with banks and other financial institutions.

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Tax Amnesties in Tax Reform Policy: A Case Study from Pakistan and Lessons for Developing Economies

Asian Journal of Law and Economics ◽

10.1515/ajle-2020-0059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 37-71

Author(s):

Bahawal Shahryar

Keyword(s):

Tax Reform ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Reform Process ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Reform Policy ◽

Tax Base ◽

Tax Amnesty ◽

Targeted Enforcement ◽

Underground Economies

Abstract An optimally designed tax amnesty scheme can serve as a strategic component in a larger tax reform process. Such a reform can particularly assist in the tax collection efforts of developing economies like Pakistan. Pakistan’s tax amnesty schemes in 2018 and 2019 helped grow the tax base substantially. India’s and Indonesia’s schemes in 2016 also showed promise. My study compares the recent tax amnesties adopted by these three countries (Pakistan, India and Indonesia). Based on these experiences, I propose improvements in the composition of Pakistan’s tax amnesty design. An optimal tax policy cannot rely only on wide-spread enforcement, particularly in countries with large underground economies--like Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Instead, it should focus more on the optimal amnesty design alongside targeted enforcement efforts, aimed especially at documenting and taxing large underground economic activities.

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The Wetland Contract as a Tool for Successful Wetland Governance: A Case Study of Ljubljansko Barje Nature Park, Slovenia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 425

Author(s):

Katarina Polajnar Horvat ◽

Ales Smrekar

Keyword(s):

Wetland Management ◽

Stakeholder Participation ◽

Shared Responsibility ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Wetland Ecosystems ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Management And Development ◽

Nature Park ◽

Ljubljansko Barje

Our research focuses on implementing multilevel governance of wetlands to achieve an effective participatory process and its overall positive effects on wetland ecosystems and their protection as well as on local sustainable development. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for establishing the Wetland Contract, a voluntary agreement to foster sustainable management and development of wetlands, to ensure greater coordination and consensus building between various stakeholders involved in management and to limit conflicts between preservation issues and economic activities in wetlands. The Wetland Contract and the integration process for establishing it in Ljubljansko barje Nature Park proved itself able to overcome conflicts between institutional and legal jurisdiction and is showing itself to be a dynamic path capable of activating a desirable relationship between various interests and supporting new forms of multi-sectoral stakeholder participation in wetland management. It has also contributed to a dialogue and shared responsibility among stakeholders.

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Hydrokinetic Energy Opportunity for Rural Electrification in Nigeria

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.7.2.183-190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 183-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ogunjuyigbe Ayodeji Samson Olatunji ◽

Ayodele Temitope Raphael ◽

Ibitoye Tahir Yomi

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Optimal Investment ◽

Rural Electrification ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Hydrokinetic Energy ◽

Potential Site

This paper is part of the ongoing research by the Power, Energy, Machine and Drive (PEMD) research group of the Electrical Engineering Department of the University of Ibadan. The paper presents various sites with possible hydrokinetic energy potential in Nigeria with the aim of quantifying their energy potential for rural electrification application. Overview of hydrokinetic technology is also presented with the view of highlighting the opportunities and the challenges of the technology for rural electrification. A case study of using hydrokinetic turbine technology in meeting the energy demand of a proposed civic center in a remote community is demonstrated. Some of the key findings revealed that Nigeria has many untapped hydrokinetic potential site and if adequately harnessed can improve the energy poverty and boost economic activities especially in the isolated and remote rural communities, where adequate river water resource is available. The total estimated untapped hydrokinetic energy potential in Nigeria is 111.15MW with the Northern part of the country having 68.18MW while the Southern part has 42.97MW. The case study shows that harnessing hydrokinetic energy of potential site is promising for rural electrification. This paper is important as it will serve as an initial requirement for optimal investment in hydrokinetic power development in Nigeria.Article History: Received November 16th 2017; Received in revised form April 7th 2018; Accepted April 15th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Olatunji, O.A.S., Raphael, A.T. and Yomi, I.T. (2018) Hydrokinetic Energy Opportunity for Rural Electrification in Nigeria. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 183-190.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.183-190

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Fire Management in Mount Kenya: A Case Study of Gathiuru Forest Station

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9080481 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 481 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kevin Nyongesa ◽

Harald Vacik

Keyword(s):

Fire Management ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Fire Regimes ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Resource Managers ◽

Management Approaches

This paper proposes an Integrated Fire Management (IFM) framework that can be used to support communities and resource managers in finding effective and efficient approaches to prevent damaging fires, as well as to maintain desirable fire regimes in Kenya. Designing and implementing an IFM approach in Kenya calls for a systematic understanding of the various uses of fire and the underlying perceptions and traditional ecological knowledge of the local people. The proposed IFM framework allows different stakeholders to evaluate the risks posed by fires and balance them with their beneficial ecological and economic effects making it easier for them to develop effective fire management approaches. A case study of the proposed IFM framework was conducted in Gathiuru Forest, which that is part of the larger Mt. Kenya Forest Ecosystem. Focus group discussions were held with key resource persons, primary and secondary data on socio-economic activities was studied, fire and weather records were analysed and the current fire management plans were consulted. Questionnaires were used to assess how the IFM is implemented in the Gathiuru Forest Station. The results show that the proposed IFM framework is scalable and can be applied in places with fire-dependent ecosystems as well as in places with fire-sensitive ecosystems in Kenya. The effectiveness of the proposed IFM framework depends on the active participation, formulation and implementation of the IFM activities by the main stakeholder groups (Kenya Forest Service (KFS), Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), and the Community Forest Associations (CFA). The proposed IFM framework helps in implementing cost-effective approaches to prevent damaging fires and maintain desirable fire regimes in Kenya.

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How Does the Spatial Structure of High-Speed Rail Station Areas Evolve? A Case Study of Zhengzhou East Railway Station, China

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112311132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 11132

Author(s):

Xiaomin Wang ◽

Jingyu Liu ◽

Wenxin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Spatial Structure ◽

High Speed ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Land Rent ◽

High Speed Rail ◽

Production Factors ◽

Market Factors ◽

And Diffusion

The rapid development of high-speed rail (HSR) and station areas has shortened the spatial and temporal distances among cities, improved the accessibility of cities, and affected the spatial agglomeration and diffusion of populations and of social and economic activities. This has led to spatial reconfiguration of production factors within cities, which has the potential to drive the reconstruction of urban spatial structures. Based on POI and land-use data, this paper defines the spatial scope of the HSR station area and explores the characteristics and influencing factors of its spatial structure from the perspective of industry. The study area i is set at 2000 m. Since the opening of the HSR, the industrial distribution has exhibited a significant circular, multi-core, and axial belt spatial structure. The spatial structure of each sub-industry is different. On the whole, internal and external transport and agglomeration economies have significant impacts on the industrial spatial distribution, and land rent has gradually decreased in importance with the development of HSR station areas. The intensity of the effects of different factors varies among different industries. The mechanisms by which the spatial structure of the station area is formed are discussed and include location accessibility, micro-market factors, node station attributes, the availability of a sufficient amount of undeveloped land, the characteristics and needs of HSR passengers, and policies and systems.

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Administrative Burden Reduction Policies in Slovenia Revisited

Central European Journal of Public Policy ◽

10.1515/cejpp-2016-0027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 28-40

Author(s):

Luka Kalaš ◽

Irena Bačlija Brajnik

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Regulatory Environment ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Administrative Burden ◽

Specific Focus

AbstractThis article explores non-stimulating regulatory environment that can effect economic activities. Specific focus is on the so-called administrative burdens as it has been established that administrative burden reduction is an internationally used policy with questionable outcomes. This is tested on a case study of Slovenian administrative burden reduction policy concluding that administrative burdens are mostly considered unnecessary but to some extent (34.5%) also necessary, however, as a subject of possible optimisation. The most burdensome is time spent in order to comply with regulation, following successiveness of the burdens (one following the other). Additionally,based on the case study policy, we can conclude that businesses are not well informed about government administrative burden reduction policies.

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Exploring the impacts of religious tourism on development: (A case study of Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria)

Journal of Agriculture Forestry and the Social Sciences ◽

10.4314/joafss.v17i2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 32-42

Author(s):

E.I. Adejimi ◽

D.A. Aremu

Keyword(s):

Participant Observation ◽

X Rays ◽

Tourism Destination ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Transportation Mode ◽

Ogun State ◽

Religious Tourism ◽

Banking Institutions ◽

Precautionary Measures

The Redemption Camp is unarguably one tourism destination that has fascinated many among the Christian and non-Christian folks. Religious sites are among the most visited tourism destinations in the world; people have visited Redemption Camp in their thousands and millions in recent times more than any known tourism destination in Nigeria. The evidence for these realities is attributed to the selfsustainable status the Camp has attained over the years and the increased rate at which it continues to attract visitors. Development in terms of infrastructure and socio-economic activities in Redemption Camp and the neighbouring host communities is evident, arising primarily from tourism activities. This reality underpins the impacts of religious tourism on the development. The study x-rays development, as enhanced by the activities of religious tourism in the Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria. The research employs participant observation, unstructured interviews and key informants interviews. The key informant interviews elicited facts on Redemption Camp as a religious tourism destination while the unstructured interviews examined visitors’ attitude as religious tourists. The study specifically identifies the role religious tourism played and is still in the development of Redemption Camp as wellas the spill over effects on the residents and the host communities. Factors that enhanced religious tourism activities in the Camp include the provision of efficient transportation mode, stable electricity, comfortable accommodation and clean water supply. Tourismattractions within the camp which have earned the camp its self-sustaining reputation are: the Redemption Resort, The Redeemer’s High School. Redeemer’s Maternity Centre, Banking Institutions, Open Heavens International Centre, Emmanuel Park and the main auditorium which sits over two million attendees. It is recommended that, with the growing spate of expansionary activities in the Redemption Camp, the management should ensure necessary precautionary measures in place to guard against disrupting the environmental harmony the redemption camp is known for. Key words: Tourism, Religious tourism, Development, Redemption Camp

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Plastics Waste Metabolism in a Petro-Island State: Towards Solving a “Wicked Problem” in Trinidad and Tobago

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11236580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 6580 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shah ◽

Niles ◽

Ali ◽

Surroop ◽

Jaggeshar

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Trinidad And Tobago ◽

Behavioral Change ◽

Institutional Factors ◽

Wicked Problem ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Island State ◽

Human Health Impacts ◽

Partnership Approach

Island systems have limited geographical, ecological, and social capacity to metabolize waste materials produced by the economic activities of their growing populations. Conceptualized as a ‘wicked problem’, the faults and weaknesses in waste management systems on islands continue to cause acute and cumulative ecological and human health impacts. Trinidad and Tobago is one such island jurisdiction grappling with this situation, particularly being a petroleum-dependent economy. Through the lens of neo-institutional theory, this case study of waste management in Trinidad and Tobago unpacks the efforts, reactions, drivers and circumstances that have led to various successes and failures but no definitive solutions over time, especially regarding plastics and packaging materials. We identify three temporal phases of policy evolution that have altered the waste metabolism trajectory to date: (1) government led patriarchal approach of traditional landfilling combined with behavioral change campaigns to reduce, reuse, and recycle, (2) to a more democratic, shared burden, public-private partnership approach combined with attempts at incentive-based regulations, (3) to the present, more private sector-led voluntary bans on production and use of plastics. This study contributes to our understanding of the institutional factors that shape the search for solutions to the wicked problem of island waste metabolism.

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Exploring Guanxi in a Cross-Cultural Context

Journal of Chinese Overseas ◽

10.1163/17932548-12341357 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 263-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

_ _

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Employment Decisions ◽

Employment Relationships

Abstract Using a case study of recently arrived Cantonese-speaking migrants, this article examines the role of guanxi in shaping Chinese newcomers’ economic activities and opportunities in South Africa. In Johannesburg, Cantonese-speaking migrants tend to be employed in restaurant and fahfee (gambling) sectors, which are partially inherited from the early generations of South African Chinese. Through narratives and stories, this article reveals that Cantonese newcomers often strengthen personal and employment relationships through the practice of guanxi, but that doing so can also constrain their employment decisions. Moreover, the ambiguous boundary between the act of bribery and the practice of guanxi may facilitate Chinese participation but can also result in the victimization of the newcomers.

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