ZIP Code Versus Georeference

When dealing with predictive modeling of credit-granting, different types of attributes are used: Cadastral, Behavioral, Business / Proposal, Credit Bureaux, in addition to Public, Private or Subsidiaries Sources. The Postal Address Code (Código de Endereçamento Postal CEP in Portuguese) in Brazil, in particular, has a unique contribution capacity (uncorrelated with most other attributes in general) and reasonably good predictive power. CEP is frequently used by truncating its numeric representation, considering the first d digits, for example. In this report, a preliminary methodology is proposed, aiming to elaborate clustering sets of CEPs by considering the information of clients' defaults over a period of time. Additionally, we tested the number of clusters obtained using the Information Value criterion. Promising solutions are obtained using statistical and optimizing approaches. Other methodologies are suggested and could be complementary with the principal methodology proposed.

Pragmatics and Grammar

This paper argues that the grammar/pragmatics division of labour should be drawn along a code versus inference distinction. On this view, grammar specifies a set of codes, while pragmatics provides a set of context-dependent inferences. However, despite this very clear grammar/pragmatics distinction, it is not necessarily trivial to determine which aspects of the interpretation are encoded and which are inferred. Such decisions must be based on empirical examinations of each case. Thus, interpretations commonly analysed as part of grammar may be reanalysed as pragmatics, and vice versa, aspects of use and interpretation previously analysed as pragmatic may turn out to be grammatical after all.