ZIP Code Versus Georeference

When dealing with predictive modeling of credit-granting, different types of attributes are used: Cadastral, Behavioral, Business / Proposal, Credit Bureaux, in addition to Public, Private or Subsidiaries Sources. The Postal Address Code (Código de Endereçamento Postal CEP in Portuguese) in Brazil, in particular, has a unique contribution capacity (uncorrelated with most other attributes in general) and reasonably good predictive power. CEP is frequently used by truncating its numeric representation, considering the first d digits, for example. In this report, a preliminary methodology is proposed, aiming to elaborate clustering sets of CEPs by considering the information of clients' defaults over a period of time. Additionally, we tested the number of clusters obtained using the Information Value criterion. Promising solutions are obtained using statistical and optimizing approaches. Other methodologies are suggested and could be complementary with the principal methodology proposed.

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ZIP Code Versus Georeference

10.33774/miir-2021-4lgsp-v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jorge L. Bazan ◽

Thaicia S. de Almeida ◽

Mauricio M. Ferreira ◽

Daniel C. F. Guzman ◽

Francisco Louzada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zip Code ◽

Code Versus

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Code Versus the Common Law

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.444001 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Stacey L. Dogan

Keyword(s):

Common Law ◽

The Common ◽

Code Versus

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SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in a wastewater collection system indicated potential COVID-19 hotspots at the zip code level

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149480 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 149480

Author(s):

Renys E. Barrios ◽

Chin Lim ◽

Megan S. Kelley ◽

Xu Li

Keyword(s):

Collection System ◽

Zip Code ◽

Wastewater Collection

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Social determinants of telemedicine utilization in ambulatory cardiovascular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

European Heart Journal - Digital Health ◽

10.1093/ehjdh/ztab039 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kemar J Brown ◽

Njambi Mathenge ◽

Daniela Crousillat ◽

Jaclyn Pagliaro ◽

Connor Grady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

The Elderly ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cardiovascular Patients ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Cardiovascular Care ◽

Zip Code ◽

Hispanic White

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the rapid uptake of telemedicine (TM) for routine cardiovascular care. Objectives To examine the predictors of TM utilization among ambulatory cardiology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this single centre retrospective study, all ambulatory cardiovascular encounters occurring between March 16th - June 19th, 2020 were assessed. Baseline characteristics by visit type (in-person, TM-phone, TM-video) were compared using Chi-square and student t-tests, with statistical significance defined by p value < 0.05. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of TM versus in-person care. Results 8446 patients (86% Non-Hispanic White, 42% female, median age 66.8 +/- 15.2 years) completed an ambulatory cardiovascular visit during the study period. TM-phone (n = 4,981, 61.5%) was the primary mode of ambulatory care followed by TM-video (n = 2693, 33.2%). Non-Hispanic Black race (OR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35 - 0.94, p-value=0.02), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.98, p = 0.04), public insurance (Medicaid OR 0.50; 95% CI:0.32 – 0.79, p = 0.003, Medicare OR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47– 0.89, p = 0.009), zip-code linked median household income (MHI) of <$75,000, age >85 years, and patients with a diagnosis of heart failure were associated with reduced access to TM-video encounters and a higher likelihood of in-person care. Conclusions Significant disparities in TM-video access for ambulatory cardiovascular care exist among the elderly, lower income, as well as Black and Hispanic racial/ethnic groups.

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A large-scale retrospective study of opioid poisoning in New York State with implications for targeted interventions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84148-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Chen ◽

Wei Hou ◽

Sina Rashidian ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Xia Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Large Scale ◽

New York State ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

York State ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Level Data ◽

Zip Code

AbstractOpioid overdose related deaths have increased dramatically in recent years. Combating the opioid epidemic requires better understanding of the epidemiology of opioid poisoning (OP). To discover trends and patterns of opioid poisoning and the demographic and regional disparities, we analyzed large scale patient visits data in New York State (NYS). Demographic, spatial, temporal and correlation analyses were performed for all OP patients extracted from the claims data in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) from 2010 to 2016, along with Decennial US Census and American Community Survey zip code level data. 58,481 patients with at least one OP diagnosis and a valid NYS zip code address were included. Main outcome and measures include OP patient counts and rates per 100,000 population, patient level factors (gender, age, race and ethnicity, residential zip code), and zip code level social demographic factors. The results showed that the OP rate increased by 364.6%, and by 741.5% for the age group > 65 years. There were wide disparities among groups by race and ethnicity on rates and age distributions of OP. Heroin and non-heroin based OP rates demonstrated distinct temporal trends as well as major geospatial variation. The findings highlighted strong demographic disparity of OP patients, evolving patterns and substantial geospatial variation.

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Zip Code-Related Income Disparities in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/00031348211023435 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000313482110234

Author(s):

Yasmeen Z. Qwaider ◽

Naomi M. Sell ◽

Chloe Boudreau ◽

Caitlin E. Stafford ◽

Rocco Ricciardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Income Group ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Lower Proportion ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Median Income ◽

Lower Income ◽

Income Disparities ◽

The Mean ◽

Zip Code

Introduction Screening and early detection reduce morbidity and mortality in colorectal cancer. Our aim is to study the effect of income disparities on the clinical characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer in Massachusetts. Methods Patients were extracted from a database containing all surgically treated colorectal cancers between 2004 and 2015 at a tertiary hospital in Massachusetts. We split patients into 2 groups: “above-median income” and “below-median income” according to the median income of Massachusetts ($74,167). Results The analysis included 817 patients. The above-median income group consisted of 528 patients (65%) and the below-median income group consisted of 289 patients (35%). The mean age of presentation was 64 ± 15 years for the above-median income group and 67 ± 15 years for the below-median income group ( P = .04). Patients with below-median income were screened less often ( P < .001) and presented more frequently with metastatic disease ( P = .02). Patients with above-median income survived an estimated 15 months longer than those with below-median income ( P < .001). The survival distribution was statistically significantly different between the groups for stage III disease ( P = .004), but not stages I, II, or IV ( P = 1, 1, and .2, respectively). For stage III disease, a lower proportion of below-median income patients received chemotherapy (61% vs. 79%, P = .002) and a higher proportion underwent nonelective surgery (5% vs. 2%, P = .007). Conclusions In Massachusetts, patients with colorectal cancer residing in lower income areas are screened less, received adjuvant chemotherapy less, and have worse outcomes, especially when analyzing those who present with stage III disease.

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Caring for Pregnant Patients with COVID-19: Practical Tips Getting from Policy to Practice

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1710539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (08) ◽

pp. 850-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Viktoriya London ◽

Rodney McLaren ◽

Janet Stein ◽

Fouad Atallah ◽

Nelli Fisher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

National Standards ◽

Key Points ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Psychosocial Challenges ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Hospital Protocols ◽

Zip Code

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with most American cases in New York. As an institution residing in a high-prevalence zip code, with over 8,000 births annually, we have cared for over 80 COVID-19-infected pregnant women, and have encountered many challenges in applying new national standards for care. In this article, we review how to change outpatient and inpatient practices, develop, and disseminate new hospital protocols, and we highlight the psychosocial challenges for pregnant patients and their providers. Key Points

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Clinical and Demographic Risk Factors for COVID-19 during Delivery Hospitalizations in New York City

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727168 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Desmond Sutton ◽

Timothy Wen ◽

Anna P. Staniczenko ◽

Yongmei Huang ◽

Maria Andrikopoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

York City ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Demographic Risk ◽

Demographic Risk Factors ◽

Zip Code

Objective This study was aimed to review 4 weeks of universal novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening among delivery hospitalizations, at two hospitals in March and April 2020 in New York City, to compare outcomes between patients based on COVID-19 status and to determine whether demographic risk factors and symptoms predicted screening positive for COVID-19. Study Design This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients admitted for delivery from March 22 to April 18, 2020, at two New York City hospitals. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were collected. The relationship between COVID-19 and demographic, clinical, and maternal and neonatal outcome data was evaluated. Demographic data included the number of COVID-19 cases ascertained by ZIP code of residence. Adjusted logistic regression models were performed to determine predictability of demographic risk factors for COVID-19. Results Of 454 women delivered, 79 (17%) had COVID-19. Of those, 27.9% (n = 22) had symptoms such as cough (13.9%), fever (10.1%), chest pain (5.1%), and myalgia (5.1%). While women with COVID-19 were more likely to live in the ZIP codes quartile with the most cases (47 vs. 41%) and less likely to live in the ZIP code quartile with the fewest cases (6 vs. 14%), these comparisons were not statistically significant (p = 0.18). Women with COVID-19 were less likely to have a vaginal delivery (55.2 vs. 51.9%, p = 0.04) and had a significantly longer postpartum length of stay with cesarean (2.00 vs. 2.67days, p < 0.01). COVID-19 was associated with higher risk for diagnoses of chorioamnionitis and pneumonia and fevers without a focal diagnosis. In adjusted analyses, including demographic factors, logistic regression demonstrated a c-statistic of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69, 0.80). Conclusion COVID-19 symptoms were present in a minority of COVID-19-positive women admitted for delivery. Significant differences in obstetrical outcomes were found. While demographic risk factors demonstrated acceptable discrimination, risk prediction does not capture a significant portion of COVID-19-positive patients. Key Points

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