The Relationship Between Glucosamine Supplementation and Increased Intraocular Pressure in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma (at Dr. Wahidin Soediro Husodo Hospital)

Introduction and Objective Researchers postulate that excessive deposits of GAG in the trabecular meshwork restrict outflow. Another theory suggests that increased release of GAG into the aqueous causes an osmotic effect, drawing more water into the anterior chamber, thus causing swelling, a decrease in pore size, and eventually increased resistance to outflow.Either of these proposed mechanisms could lead to an increased thickness of the pore lining and/or decreased outflow, resulting in increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods A total of 13 patients (26 eyes) 6 men, 7 women, with average age 62 years were included in this experimental study. IOP was measured before, on 7th day after they began glucosamine supplementation and after discontinuation. Patients had been selected who established the diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma, willingness to using glucosamine, IOP measurements at least 3 times within 2 years, and no associated changes in glaucoma medications or eye surgery.Result Based on the parametric repeat measure general linear model test, the IOP decreased significantly from during glucosamine supplementation to discontinuation of glucosamine.(P= 0,013, or P< 0,05). The IOP was increased during glucosamine supplementation compared with before glucosamine supplementation, but the difference statistically not significant. (P= 0,527).The IOP decreased after discontinuation compared with before supplementation, but the difference also statistically not significant. (P=1). There was no significant difference between the left and right eyes in each patient.

Hormesis in high-throughput screening of antibacterial compounds in E coli

This article assesses the response below a toxicological threshold for 1888 antibacterial agents in Escherichia coli, using 11 concentrations with twofold concentration spacing in a high-throughput study. The data set had important strengths such as low variability in the control (2%—3% SD), a repeat measure of all wells, and a built-in replication. Bacterial growth at concentrations below the toxic threshold is significantly greater than that in the controls, consistent with a hormetic concentration response. These findings, along with analyses of published literature and complementary evaluations of concentration-response model predictions of low-concentration effects in yeast, indicate a lack of support for the broadly and historically accepted threshold model for responses to concentrations below the toxic threshold.

Effective Practice

The primary goal of this study was to examine relationships among observed practice behaviors, self-reported practice habits, and performance achievement of high school wind players (N = 60). Participants practiced in three 25-minute sessions, rated their practice efficiency following each day, and completed a practice survey. Participants performed a researcher-composed étude six times across the duration of the study. Performances were rated using objective and subjective criteria. Practice sessions were observed for frequencies of selected practice behaviors. Interjudge reliability for performance ratings and observations was acceptable to high. A significant change (p < .001) in performance achievement was detected over time (d = .85). The behaviors exhibited the most were repeat measure, repeat section, and marks part. Significant correlations were found: (a) among the behaviors repeat section, whole-part-whole, and slowing; (b) between performance achievement and the behaviors repeat section, whole-part-whole, slowing, and skipping directly to or just before critical musical sections of the étude; and (c) between performance achievement and self-reports of percentage of time spent on formal and informal practice and use of metronome. Self-evaluations of practice efficiency were strongly related to performance achievement scores at day one, less so at day two, and not at all on day three. Lastly, several small relationships were also found between self-reported practice habits and observed practice behaviors.