Možnosti zatiranja izbranih plevelnih vrst v Evropi z žuželkami

Weed control by insects is increasingly important, as chemical weed control (the use of herbicides) has an important impact on the environment and, consequently, on all organisms living there. The use of insects to control weeds thus represents an alternative to herbicides. The article presents the suppression of some widespread and persistent weeds in Europe with their natural enemies - insects. The following combinations presented below are: broad-leaved dock (<em>Rumex obtusifolius</em> L.) – <em>Gastrophysa viridula</em> (De Geer, 1775), curly dock (<em>Rumex crispus</em> L.) – <em>Apion violaceum</em> (Kirby, 1808), common ragweed (<em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em> L.) – <em>Ophraella communa</em> (LeSage, 1986) and <em>Zygogramma suturalis</em> (Fabricius, 1775), creeping thistle (<em>Cirsium arvense</em> (L.) Scop.) – <em>Cassida rubiginosa</em> (Müller, 1776), cleavers (<em>Galium aparine</em> L.) – <em>Halidamia affinis</em> (Fallen, 1807) and <em>Sermylassa halensis</em> (Linnaeus, 1767), common knotgrass (<em>Polygonum aviculare</em> L.) and black-bindweed (<em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> L.) – <em>Gastrophysa polygoni</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) and as the last one field bindweed (<em>Convolvulus arvensis</em> L.) – <em>Galeruca rufa</em> (Germar, 1824) and <em>Tyta luctuosa</em> (Denis in Schiffmuller, 1775).

Impact of Tyta luctuosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Hedge Bindweed (Calystegia sepium) in Corn (Zea mays)

Releasing Tyta luctuosa on hedge bindweed in cornfields did not increase defoliation more than endemic herbivores. Larvae of T. luctuosa were rarely found after release, indicating they suffered high mortality or dispersed from test plants. Eleven species of endemic insects were found feeding on bindweed, all of which are known to be generalists feeding, in some cases, on economically important plants. Oidaematophorus monodactylus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) was the most damaging species to the bindweed.