Glottal toggling in Itunyoso Triqui

Itunyoso Triqui (Oto-Manguean: Mexico) possesses several unique morphological derivations, each of which is typified by a toggling of glottal features at the right edge of the root. Root-final coda /ɦ/ is deleted if it is present on uninflected stems, but inserted if it is absent. This process, traditionally known as a morphophonological exchange rule (c.f. Baerman 2007; de Lacy 2012; Wunderlich 2012), is regular and productive in the language. Moreover, it is the primary exponent of the first person singular, the topical third person, and nominal quantifier morphemes, while tonal alternations are secondary, morpheme-specific exponents. The current paper both provides the first comprehensive description of these patterns in Itun-yoso Triqui and argues two theoretical points. First, Triqui glottal toggling involves a morphophono-logical exchange mapping (/α/ → [β]; /β/ → [α]) which, in coordination with syllable well-formedness conditions, produces a toggling pattern. Second, exchange mappings or rules like the Triqui toggle pose unique problems for parallelist approaches to Optimality Theory but not to serialist approaches which permit intermediate stages of representation, a finding that accords well with the necessity for multiple strata in Triqui word formation.

Messenger of a New Colombia

This chapter details the larger tale of Colombian politics. Few figures were as closely linked to the arc of the twentieth century as Alberto Lleras. Part of a generation of lettered Colombians who did not initially conceive of their nation as a place of violence, Lleras labored to maintain convivencia in Colombian public life as well as global diplomacy. The shepherd of Colombia's democratization and the primary exponent of the reformist possibilities that accompanied the transition, Alberto Lleras emerged in the late 1950s as the paramount messenger of a new Colombia. But just as Lleras' path indicated the will of many Colombians to move beyond force in all their affairs, so too did it expose the limits of urban Colombians' engagement with the countryside—a divergence at the heart of struggles over violence, peace, and nation.

2-Primary Exponent Bounds for Lie Groups of Low Rank

Exponent information is proven about the Lie groups SU(3), SU(4), Sp(2), and G2 by showing some power of the H-space squaring map (on a suitably looped connected-cover) is null homotopic. The upper bounds obtained are 8, 32, 64, and 28 respectively. This null homotopy is best possible for SU(3) given the number of loops, off by at most one power of 2 for SU(4) and Sp(2), and off by at most two powers of 2 for G2.