A Survey on Deep Learning for Human Mobility

The study of human mobility is crucial due to its impact on several aspects of our society, such as disease spreading, urban planning, well-being, pollution, and more. The proliferation of digital mobility data, such as phone records, GPS traces, and social media posts, combined with the predictive power of artificial intelligence, triggered the application of deep learning to human mobility. Existing surveys focus on single tasks, data sources, mechanistic or traditional machine learning approaches, while a comprehensive description of deep learning solutions is missing. This survey provides a taxonomy of mobility tasks, a discussion on the challenges related to each task and how deep learning may overcome the limitations of traditional models, a description of the most relevant solutions to the mobility tasks described above, and the relevant challenges for the future. Our survey is a guide to the leading deep learning solutions to next-location prediction, crowd flow prediction, trajectory generation, and flow generation. At the same time, it helps deep learning scientists and practitioners understand the fundamental concepts and the open challenges of the study of human mobility.

A method to construct the dynamic landscape of a bio-membrane with experiment and simulation

Biomolecular function is based on a complex hierarchy of molecular motions. While biophysical methods can reveal details of specific motions, a concept for the comprehensive description of molecular dynamics over a wide range of correlation times has been unattainable. Here, we report an approach to construct the dynamic landscape of biomolecules, which describes the aggregate influence of multiple motions acting on various timescales and on multiple positions in the molecule. To this end, we use 13C NMR relaxation and molecular dynamics simulation data for the characterization of fully hydrated palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine bilayers. We combine dynamics detector methodology with a new frame analysis of motion that yields site-specific amplitudes of motion, separated both by type and timescale of motion. In this study, we show that this separation allows the detailed description of the dynamic landscape, which yields vast differences in motional amplitudes and correlation times depending on molecular position.

Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties

Flavonoids display a broad range of health-promoting bioactivities. Among these, their capacity to act as antioxidants has remained most prominent. The canonical reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging mode of the antioxidant action of flavonoids relies on the high susceptibility of their phenolic moieties to undergo oxidation. As a consequence, upon reaction with ROS, the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids is severely compromised. Other phenol-compromising reactions, such as those involved in the biotransformation of flavonoids, can also markedly affect their antioxidant properties. In recent years, however, increasing evidence has indicated that, at least for some flavonoids, the oxidation of such residues can in fact markedly enhance their original antioxidant properties. In such apparent paradoxical cases, the antioxidant activity arises from the pro-oxidant and/or electrophilic character of some of their oxidation-derived metabolites and is exerted by activating the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway, which upregulates the cell’s endogenous antioxidant capacity, and/or, by preventing the activation of the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. This review focuses on the effects that the oxidative and/or non-oxidative modification of the phenolic groups of flavonoids may have on the ability of the resulting metabolites to promote direct and/or indirect antioxidant actions. Considering the case of a metabolite resulting from the oxidation of quercetin, we offer a comprehensive description of the evidence that increasingly supports the concept that, in the case of certain flavonoids, the oxidation of phenolics emerges as a mechanism that markedly amplifies their original antioxidant properties. An overlooked topic of great phytomedicine potential is thus unraveled.

An Integrative Sialomic Analysis Reveals Molecules From Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Triatomines have evolved salivary glands that produce versatile molecules with various biological functions, including those leading their interactions with vertebrate hosts’ hemostatic and immunological systems. Here, using high-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics, we report the first sialome study on the synanthropic triatomine Triatoma sordida. As a result, 57,645,372 reads were assembled into 26,670 coding sequences (CDS). From these, a total of 16,683 were successfully annotated. The sialotranscriptomic profile shows Lipocalin as the most abundant protein family within putative secreted transcripts. Trialysins and Kazal-type protease inhibitors have high transcript levels followed by ubiquitous protein families and enzyme classes. Interestingly, abundant trialysin and Kazal-type members are highlighted in this triatomine sialotranscriptome. Furthermore, we identified 132 proteins in T. sordida salivary gland soluble extract through LC-MS/MS spectrometry. Lipocalins, Hemiptera specific families, CRISP/Antigen-5 and Kazal-type protein inhibitors proteins were identified. Our study provides a comprehensive description of the transcript and protein compositions of the salivary glands of T. sordida. It significantly enhances the information in the Triatominae sialome databanks reported so far, improving the understanding of the vector’s biology, the hematophagous behaviour, and the Triatominae subfamily’s evolution.

The Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon: past and present†

Amazonian livelihoods are largely dependent on rivers, with local protein consumption mainly relying on several species of fish. The UJER (Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve - Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá) is located in the state of Acre, bordering Peru and several indigenous areas. Here we summarize the data we collected in 1993/1994 on the population living along the banks of the Juruá, Tejo, Bagé, Igarapé São João and Breu rivers on crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and use of game and fish resources. We interviewed 133 individuals (94 on the Juruá and Tejo, 16 on Bagé, 16 on Igarapé São João and 7 on Breu rivers). Our results include a comprehensive description on local livelihoods, including the most important fish species for local subsistence considering gender and seasonality, the main husbandry and game species, and the items cultivated on the local agriculture. Whenever more recent information was available in the literature, we compared changes in livelihoods over time in the same region and also with the recent patterns observed in the Lower and in the Middle Juruá River. We hope to provide useful information to understand temporal changes in local livelihoods, which can help adapt and shape the ecological management in the region.

Linguistic context of functionality and peculiarities of the English military aviation terminology in professional journals (on the example of the “Rotor and Wing”)

This article is dedicated to the linguistic context of functionality of the English military aviation terms in the journal “Rotor and Wing”. The goal lies in revealing the specificity of the linguistic context of functionality of the English military aviation terminology, as well as its structural, semantic and pragmatic characteristics in the journal “Rotor and Wing”. For achieving the set goal, the author aims to determine the most representative linguistic (stylistic, syntactic, grammatical, and  lexical) peculiarities of the journal; which military aviation terms are most and least common for the journal; as well as structural, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the terms. The novelty lies in comprehensive description of the English military aviation terminology (structural, semantic and pragmatic aspects) and its linguistic context in the professional journal. The research employs the analytical, comparative, and statistical methods. The author establishes the most significant syntactic, grammatical, stylistic, and lexical peculiarities of the journal; as well as structural (most terms are two-component phrases), semantic (presence of the absolute and conditional synonymous terms, absence of polysemy, and  partial presence of antonyms), and pragmatic characteristics of military aviation terminology (terms fulfill the functions that are substantiated by the content and purpose of the journal. The acquired results can be used both in lexicographical practice (compiling the English-language dictionaries, thesauri, glossaries of military aviation terms), and in the practice of teaching the aviation English language.

It's Fliptastic

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the importance of implementing the flipped classroom model with the use of the web-based platform, Playposit. The chapter first provides an overview of the benefits of the flipped classroom model as well as the platform in a concise review of literature, and then it offers a comprehensive description of Playposit including its features, methods of designing creative videos and interactions, and applications in an ESL classroom. A lesson plan and its description are presented at the end of the chapter, providing a sample of incorporating the flipped classroom model using technology to boost learners' engagement and achievement.

Understanding reporting boundaries in annual reports: a conceptual framework

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to enhance conceptual understanding of reporting boundaries in corporate annual reports by developing a conceptual framework of the rules and principles, referred to here as dimensions, underlying boundaries. A total of nine contemporary regulations/guidelines are compared in terms of the boundary dimensions identified to illustrate similarities and differences in boundary concepts.Design/methodology/approachTo develop a conceptual framework of reporting boundary dimensions, academic and industry literature were analysed to identify boundary dimensions. Thereafter, nine contemporary regulations/guidelines were compared in terms of these dimensions. A qualitative approach was taken including document analysis and content analysis.FindingsA total of 10 key boundary dimensions were identified through analysis of academic and industry literature. Each dimension represents a continuum along which regulations/guidelines can position themselves. Taken together, the 10 dimensions provide a comprehensive description of the chosen boundary concept.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to accounting theory by providing a holistic conceptual framework of dimensions relating to reporting boundaries, thus answering calls for more conceptual development of the boundary construct. The conceptual framework and comparison of contemporary regulations/guidelines adds to scarce literature considering financial and non-financial boundaries simultaneously, which is relevant for annual reports. From a practical perspective, the paper brings renewed visibility to boundaries with implications for preparers, users, standard setters and auditors of annual reports.

Molecular analysis reveals Latonius planus Kononova to be a derived species of Trissolcus Ashmead

The monotypic genus Latonius Kononova, 1982 (Platygastroidea, Scelionidae), was described from a single female specimen collected in southern Ukraine. It somewhat resembles Trissolcus Ashmead but has a distinctive claval formula. The only species in the genus, Latonius planus Kononova, 1982, is lacking any details regarding biology, sexual dimorphism, intraspecific variability, or distribution. Based on recently collected specimens the present study clarifies the position of Latonius within the Telenominae, provides a comprehensive description accompanied by high quality images, and compares Latonius and Trissolcus. Five molecular markers were amplified, and sequences of L. planus were analyzed using a data set for the molecular phylogeny of Telenominae (Taekul et al. 2014) and a molecular phylogeny of Trissolcus (Talamas et al. 2019). We dissected the metasoma, tarsi, antennae, and ovipositor and performed SEM imaging. The genera Latonius and Ioseppinella Mineo, O’Connor & Ashe, 2010, are treated as junior synonyms of Trissolcus and the type species of Latonius and Ioseppinella are considered to be conspecific (syn. nov.).

Therapeutic enzymes as non-conventional targets in cardiovascular impairments:A Comprehensive Review

Over the last few decades, substantial progress has been made towards the understanding of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In-depth mechanistic insights have also provided opportunities to explore novel therapeutic targets and treatment regimens to be discovered. Therapeutic enzymes are an example of such opportunities. The balanced functioning of such enzymes protects against a variety of CVDs while on the other hand, even a small shift in the normal functioning of these enzymes may lead to deleterious outcomes. Owing to the great versatility of these enzymes, inhibition and activation are key regulatory approaches to counter the onset and progression of several cardiovascular impairments. While cardiovascular remedies are already available in excess and of course they are efficacious, a comprehensive description of novel therapeutic enzymes to combat CVDs is the need of the hour. In light of this, the regulation of the functional activity of these enzymes also opens a new avenue for the treatment approaches to be employed. This review describes the importance of non-conventional enzymes as potential candidates in several cardiovascular disorders while highlighting some of the recently targeted therapeutic enzymes in CVDs.