Surrogacy in Ukraine: theoretical and applied problem

The article analyzes the Ukrainian experience of carrying out the procedure of surrogacy. The modern world does not stand still constant progress in all spheres of human activity has given rise to a large number of new rights that have entered the fourth generation of human rights. Surrogacy belongs to the newest generation of human rights, despite the fact that it has a long history of its origin and development, which can be traced back to biblical texts, the laws of King Hammurabi and others. The use of another woman’s womb was acceptable for couples who could not conceive their own child. It clearly illustrates the existence of surrogacy, which has more than 3,800 years. The article analyzes the progressive development of modern technology of IVF, which has opened new opportunities for humanity in case of infertility to have biologically native children. The main problems that exist in the research institute, which are related to each participant of the procedure, are highlighted. The analysis of foreign judicial practice is carried out, which allows to form certain conclusions that will have practical application in domestic realities. The legal regulation of surrogacy is considered, the need to change the age requirement for a surrogate mother and the requirements for the presence of a native child for the future surrogate mother are emphasized. Today, this institution is of particular importance to humanity, as there are many cases of infertility among couples who want to have a child and surrogacy becomes the only chance for them to have a biologically native child. The urgency of the outlined topic is intensified due to the fact that Ukraine has become a real center of surrogacy due to the availability of the procedure and loyal legislation, which allows for an altruistic and commercial form of its conduct. However, the low level of regulation of surrogacy has had a negative impact at all stages of the procedure and needs immediate improvement in order to preserve the interests of each participant, but above all, the child born with this method of assisted reproductive technology. The importance of all the issues outlined is also intensified in connection with the coronavirus pandemic, which has brought many problems into the research institute.

Nog-da-win-da-min: A Collaborative Consultation with First Nations about Children’s Well-being

The history of the relationship between child welfare agencies in Canada and First Nations has been fraught with pain, and the removal of children from their families and communities is often described as an attempted cultural genocide. The realities of colonization, residential schools, and the “60s scoop” have created a legacy of pain and distrust which can be difficult for today’s Native child welfare services to address. Nog-da-win-da-min Family and Community Services (NFCS) is an Anishinaabe agency that decided to consult with its seven member communities in order to obtain their input about future service development, but, with this legacy, were unsure how to engage the communities in meaningful dialogue. As such, they partnered with a team of researchers at NORDIK Institute to design and carry out a communitybased consultation. This article explores the collaborative process of creating and tailoring a consultation method to be an empowering and positive experience for participants, to be conducted within safe and accessible spaces throughout the communities. This required a thoughtful process development, which respected participants’ knowledge and experiences (local knowledge), accommodated intergenerational trauma with sensitivity, and that employed Indigenous language and concepts (such as the Medicine Wheel) to guide the process. This article outlines some key learnings for others undertaking similar dialogues and consultations.

Lessons learned while developing, adapting and implementing a pilot parent-mediated behavioural intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder in rural Bangladesh

Low- and middle-income countries often have limited resources, underdeveloped health systems and scarce knowledge of autism spectrum disorder. The objectives of this preliminary study were to develop and adapt intervention materials and to train a native clinician to implement a community-based parent-mediated behavioural intervention in rural Gaibandha, Bangladesh. Intervention materials to support parents’ use of behavioural strategies were developed and refined by US behavioural intervention experts and Bangladesh field experts. Study investigators trained a native child psychologist in developmental milestones and behavioural intervention techniques. The native clinician delivered a 1-day group education session attended by 10 families of children aged 7–9 years with autism spectrum disorder, followed by two one-on-one training sessions with each family to train and practice individualized strategies for targeted challenging behaviours. Preliminary qualitative results indicate the importance of materials that are culturally appropriate and at an adequate literacy level. All families expressed strong desires to have learned the behavioural strategies when their child was younger and vocalized their need for further support and tools to help their children. This study is a preliminary step to creating sustainable and low-cost autism spectrum disorder interventions in rural Bangladesh, and possibly for families in regions with similar cultural and socioeconomic status backgrounds.