SPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE IN SPLICING (SPLICING 2021) and OF THE VII INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE ON ANALYTICAL PROTEOMICS (ICAP 2021)

SPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE IN SPLICING (SPLICING 2021) and OF THE VII INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE ON ANALYTICAL PROTEOMICS (ICAP 2021)

Human disease biomarkers: challenges, advances, and trends in their validation

Biomarkers are important tools in the medical field, once they allow better prediction, characterization, and treatment of diseases. In this scenario, it is essential that biomarkers are highly accurate. Thus, biomarker validation is an essential part of ensuring the effectiveness of a biomarker. Validation of biomarkers is the process by which biomarkers are evaluated for accuracy and consistency, as well as their ability to inform the condition of health or disease. Although, there is no unique measure that can be used to determine the validity for all biomarkers, there are general criteria that all biomarkers must meet to be useful. In this work, we review the definition of biomarkers and discuss the validity components. We then critically discuss the main methods used to validate biomarkers and consider some examples of biomarkers of the diseases which most killer in the world (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and viral infections), highlighting the potential biochemical pathways of these biomarkers in the biological system. In addition, we also comment on the omic strategies used in the biomarker discovery process and conclude with information about perspectives in biomarker validation through imaging techniques.

SPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF THE V INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE ON ULTRASONIC-BASED APPLICATION FROM ANALYSIS TO SYNTHESIS (ULTRASONICS 2021)

SPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF THE V INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE ON ULTRASONIC-BASED APPLICATION FROM ANALYSIS TO SYNTHESIS (ULTRASONICS 2021)

Combining detection and reconstruction of correlational and periodic motifs in viral genomic sequences with transitional genome mapping: Application to COVID-19

A method of Transitional Automorphic Mapping of the Genome on Itself (TAMGI) is aimed at combining detection and reconstruction of correlational and quasi-periodic motifs in the viral genomic RNA/DNA sequences. The motifs reconstructed by TAMGI are robust with respect to indels and point mutations and can be tried as putative therapeutic targets. We developed and tested the relevant theory and statistical criteria for TAMGI applications. The applications of TAMGI are illustrated by the study of motifs in the genomes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (the latter coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 being responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic) packaged within filament-like helical capsid. Such ribonucleocapsid is transported into spherical membrane envelope with incorporated spike glycoproteins. Two other examples concern the genomes of viruses with icosahedral capsids, satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) and bacteriophage PHIX174. A part of the quasi-periodic motifs in these viral genomes was evolved due to weakly specific cooperative interaction between genomic ssRNA/ssDNA and nucleocapsid proteins. The symmetry of the capsids leads to the natural selection of specific quasi-periodic motifs in the related genomic sequences. Generally, TAMGI provides a convenient tool for the study of numerous molecular mechanisms with participation of both quasi-periodic motifs and complete repeats, the genome organization, contextual analysis of cis/trans regulatory elements, data mining, and correlations in the genomic sequences.

SPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE IN ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (IC2AR 2021)

SPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE IN ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (IC2AR 2021)