Applying Ramseyfication to Infrared Spectroscopy

The so-called Ramsey–Carnap approach, or Ramseyfication, has gone out of fashion in the philosophy of science. Advocates have tried to argue for a revival by writing methodological and metatheoretical studies of Ramseyfication. For this paper I have chosen a different approach; I will apply Ramseyfication to infrared spectroscopy—a method used in analytical chemistry—in order to logically analyse the relation between measurements and mathematical structures. My aim in doing so is to contribute to the debate about the Application Problem of Mathematics, thereby making a case for Ramseyfication as a method of study for scientific theories.

Między geniuszem, rewolucją i matematyką

The book written by Wojciech Sady is an interesting and inspiring attempt to reconstruct the mechanism of the revolution that took place in physics at the beginning of the 20th century. As part of the attempts to characterize the process of the emergence of special relativity theory and the old quantum theory, author also raises the issue of the role of genius and imagination in the process of searching for new scientific theories. The work is based on rich factual material, however, has several weaknesses and — as it seems — several places that would not require greater precision. This work aims to identify these points.

Kuntowijoyo’s Social Prophetics and The Theological Paradigms in Islam

This article illustrates the stagnation of classical theology and the possibility of constructing prophetic Islamic theology with the social prophetics foundation is built by Kuntowijoyo. The stagnation of classical theology is the main reason for the importance of developing scientific theories, especially social prophetics to answer the problems faced by Muslims. The Kuntowijoyoan Social Prophetics as the conceptual foundation has a humanization, liberation and transcendence orientation. The aiming of this article is to review the philosophical foundations of social prophetics that have a very deep philosophical foundation ranging from philosophy, theology and classical Sufism in Islam as the Indonesian Muslim intellectual ideology today

Reziliencia a szállodahajó-turizmusban - Resilience in cruise tourism

Jelen tanulmány a korábbi évtizedek gazdasági fejlődésén és a turisztikai ágazatot érintő világméretű gazdasági problémák példáin keresztül mutatja be a rezilienciaalapú megoldásokat a szállodahajóturizmusban. A reziliencia magában foglalja a rugalmas alkalmazkodás, a találékonyság képességét, amely az elmúlt két évtizedben is erőteljesen jellemezte ezt az ágazatot. A 2020-ban megjelent pandémiát követő próbálkozásokra tekintettel, amelyekkel a hajótársaságok a csődhelyzetet igyekeztek elkerülni, a tanulmány a tudományos elméleteket figyelembe véve mutatja be a szállodahajó-turizmus lehetőségeit. Arra keresi a választ, hogy milyen lehetőséget látnak az ágazat újraindításához, milyen eszközökkel próbálják és lehet visszacsábítani az utasokat, lesz-e még olyan aranykor a szállodahajó-turizmusban, mint a pandémia előtt volt? This study presents resilience-based solutions in cruise tourism through the economic development of previous decades and examples of global economic problems affecting the tourism industry. Resilience includes the ability to adapt flexibly and the ingenuity that has strongly characterized this sector over the past two decades. The study presents the potential of cruise tourism, taking into account scientific theories and view of the post-pandemic attempts made in 2020 by cruise companies to avoid bankruptcy. It looks for whatever opportunity can help to restart the industry, the means they are trying to use and how to lure passengers back. Will there still be a “golden age” in cruise tourism as before the pandemic?

Deep Learning of Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media via Theory-Guided Neural Networks

Summary A theory-guided neural network (TgNN) is proposed as a prediction model for oil/water phase flow in this paper. The model is driven by not only labeled data, but also scientific theories, including governing equations, boundary and initial conditions, and expert knowledge. Two independent neural networks (NNs) are built in the TgNN for oil/water phase flow problems, with one approximating pressure and the other approximating saturation. The two networks are connected by loss functions, which include a data mismatch term, as well as theory-guided terms. The desired parameters in NNs are trained by a certain optimization algorithm to decrease the value of the loss function. The training process uses a two-stage strategy as follows: (1) after one of the two NNs obtains a satisfactory result, parameters in the network with better performance are fixed in calculating the nonlinear terms and (2) the other NN continues to be trained until satisfactory performance is also obtained. The proposed TgNN offers an effective way to solve the coupled nonlinear two-phase flow problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed TgNN achieves better accuracy than the traditional deep neural network (DNN). This is because the governing equation can constrain spatial and temporal derivatives, and other physical constraints (i.e., boundary and initial conditions, expert knowledge) can make the outputs more scientifically consistent. The effect of sparse data (including labeled data and collocation points) is tested, and the results show that more labeled data and collocation points lead to improved long-term prediction performance. However, the TgNN can also be successfully trained in the absence of labeled data by merely adhering to the above-mentioned scientific theories. In addition, several more complicated scenarios are tested, including the existence of data noise, changes in well condition, transfer learning, and the existence of different levels of dynamic capillary pressure. Compared with the traditional DNN, TgNN possesses superior stability with the guidance of theories for the considered complex situations.

Imagining the Etruscans: Modern European Perceptions of an Ancient Italian Civilization

The Etruscans, ancient people of pre-Roman Italy, have been the subject of lively discussions among both scholars and disseminators of popular pseudo-scientific theories from the late Humanistic age, an interest and popularity that reached a crescendo in the 18th to 20th centuries. This paper aims to explore the ideological features of the foundation of the highly specialized but often self-referential discipline, the so-called “Etruscology” that finally developed in the 20th century, with particular reference to the complicated connections between the very Italian territorial context of Etruscan civilization and the European dimension of its reception and popularization.

She Is Weeping

Dannelle Gutarra Cordero's expansive study incorporates writers, cultural figures and intellectuals from antiquity to the present day to analyze how discourses on emotion serve to create and maintain White supremacy and racism. Throughout history, scientific theories have played a vital role in the accumulation of power over colonized and racialized people. Scientific intellectual discourses on race, gender, and sexuality characterized Blackness as emotionally distinct in both deficiency and excess, a contrast with the emotional benevolence accorded to Whiteness. Ideas on racialized emotions have simultaneously driven the development of devastating body politics by enslaving structures of power. Bold and thought provoking, She Is Weeping provides a new understanding of racialized emotions in the Atlantic World, and how these discourses proved instrumental to the rise of slavery and racial capitalism, racialized sexual violence, and the expansion of the carceral state.

Worldmaking as an Approach to Scientific Pluralism

This study discusses the extent to which Goodman’s constructivist conception of worldmaking may serve the needs of scientific practice. I argue that worldmaking should help us retain a common methodological order and a basic framework for scientific pluralism. In this way it should provide us not only with better scientific knowledge but also with a greater understanding of the world in general that would be inclusive of both scientific and nonscientific disciplines. The main purpose of this paper is to show that, if revisited, Goodman’s idea of versions, including even mutually exclusive scientific theories, can aid the gradual progress of pluralistic science. Taking the prevailing criticism of Goodman’s conception into account, I argue that worldmaking can serve as a methodological apparatus for scientific disciplines because it presents a position of moderated constructivism which, thanks to the variable criterion of rightness, offers a way to maintain both relativism and skepticism.