Tolerance and integrity at Johns Hopkins

The Department of History of Science at Johns Hopkins shaped by Harry Woolf and Robert H. Kargon brought together diverse scholars who nevertheless shared a basic outlook. Historical questions and scholarly craft took precedent over theo-retical or historiographic positioning. At the same time, students were allowed great freedom to explore and develop new perspectives for analyzing science historically. When Russell McCormmach arrived in Baltimore in the fall of 1972, he joined a departmental culture of intellectual tolerance and forthright expres-sion. In paying homage to Russ and the department I illuminate the departmental culture into which Russ entered, Russ's seminars and academic mentoring, and .nally Russ's vision for combining art and scholarship. Russ shared a deep affection for solid conceptual history of physics while supporting our ventures into new historiographic terrain.

Oppenheimer's first paper: Molecular band spectra and a professional style

Beginning early in the 20th century spectroscopists attributed the infrared band spectra emitted by diatomic molecules to quantum vibration and rotation modes of the molecules. Because of these relatively simple motions, band spectra offered a convenient .rst phenomenon to which to apply formulations of the new quan-tum mechanics in 1926. In his .rst paper, completed in Cambridge in May 1926, Oppenheimer presented a derivation of the frequencies and relative intensities of the observed spectral lines on the basis of Paul Dirac's new quantum commutator algebra. At the same time Lucy Mensing published a similar derivation utiliz-ing matrix mechanics, as did Edwin Fues utilizing wave mechanics. Analyses of Oppenheimer's paper and of its historical and scienti.c contexts offer insights into the new quantum mechanics and its utilization and reception during this brief period of competing formalisms, and into the characteristic features of Oppenheimer's later style of research and publication.

Russell McCormmach as a teacher

The author gives a personal tribute of Russell McCormmach as a scholar and a person. From 1972 to 1976, McCormmach's writings, notably his introductions to the HSPS, served as unique inspiration for the author's .rst grapplings with the history of science in far-away Norway. From 1976 to 1984 the author was a student at Johns Hopkins University, with McCormmach as dissertation adviser until he left Hopkins in 1983. Because the doctoral research was carried out for the most part in Scandinavia, McCormmach's advice is to a great extent preserved in personal letters, which are quoted at some length. Ever since, the author and McCormmach have maintained a close, if sporadic, relationship. While his approach is personal, the author hopes to convey a general sense of McCormmach's unique qualities as a writer, editor and teacher, as well as a human being.

Modernism, postmodernism and the historiography of science

Since its inception in the 18th century, the discipline of the history of science has served a motley collection of extrinsic disciplinary interests, philosophical ideas, and cultural movements. This paper examines the historiographical implications of modernism and postmodernism and shows how they in.uenced positivist, postpositivist, and sociological interpretations of the Chemical Revolution. It also shows how these interpretations served the disciplinary interests of science, phi-losophy, and sociology, respectively, and it points toward a model of the history of science as history.