Tolerance and integrity at Johns Hopkins

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-474
Author(s):  
Robert Marc Friedman

The Department of History of Science at Johns Hopkins shaped by Harry Woolf and Robert H. Kargon brought together diverse scholars who nevertheless shared a basic outlook. Historical questions and scholarly craft took precedent over theo-retical or historiographic positioning. At the same time, students were allowed great freedom to explore and develop new perspectives for analyzing science historically. When Russell McCormmach arrived in Baltimore in the fall of 1972, he joined a departmental culture of intellectual tolerance and forthright expres-sion. In paying homage to Russ and the department I illuminate the departmental culture into which Russ entered, Russ's seminars and academic mentoring, and .nally Russ's vision for combining art and scholarship. Russ shared a deep affection for solid conceptual history of physics while supporting our ventures into new historiographic terrain.

Author(s):  
Josep Simon

This article focuses on physics textbooks and textbook physics in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with particular emphasis on developments in France, Germany, Britain, and the United States. It first examines the role that physics textbooks played in the early stages of the professionalization of the history of science before presenting a general overview of the genesis of textbook physics in the nineteenth century. It also looks at major textbooks produced in France and the German states while making some reference to British and American textbooks. Finally, it considers recent scholarship dealing with textbooks in the history of physics. The article shows how our views on textbooks have been shaped by events that have established particular hierarchies between scientific research and science education, and between universities and schools. It argues that the study of textbooks would benefit from greater reflexivity.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Goudarouli

The special section “Knowledge Quests in the European Periphery” attempts to explore the different ways in which conceptual history’s methodologies could be applied to disciplines with which traditional conceptual historians have not previously engaged, such as the history of science, political economy, Enlightenment studies, postcolonial history, and transnational history. This special section, when read as a whole, opens up a multidisciplinary space in which center-periphery tensions are examined in the context of conceptual transnational exchange. Coming from different geographical places and cultural spaces within the European periphery, the three case studies draw their methodological background from conceptual history and aim to reflect on the center-periphery dichotomy by asking how historians from different historiographical traditions could take advantage of the methods and theories of conceptual history, as well as how conceptual history could take advantage of the coming together of disciplines that traditionally do not communicate with each other.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Paweł Polak

Marian Smoluchowski (1872–1917) był wybitnym polskim fizykiem, znanym m.in. jako pionier fizyki statystycznej. Jego krótka praca o historii fizyki w Polsce stanowi pionierskie opracowanie tego zagadnienia, była cytowana wiele razy, tworząc punkt wyjścia do dalszych badań nad historią fizyki w Polsce. Należy jednakże podkreślić, że nigdy nie poddano systematycznej analizie zagadnienia roli historii nauki w działalności naukowej Smoluchowskiego. W niniejszej pracy skupiono się na trzech obszarach działalności związanych z historią nauki: badawczym, dydaktycznym i filozoficznym. Wskazano, że doniosłość historii nauki dla Smoluchowskiego brała się z jej kulturowego znaczenia. Historia nauki odegrała ważną rolę w procesie krystalizacji koncepcji filozoficznych wybitnego fizyka, a także w dydaktyce fizyki, ukazując wewnętrzną dynamikę rozwoju nauki i inspirując do nowych odkryć. To ostatnie zagadnienie jest ściśle związane ze specyficznym podejściem metodologicznym Smoluchowskiego do fizyki, nazwanym przez niego „romantyzmem nauki”. W artykule wskazano nie tylko, że Smoluchowski jest pionierem historii fizyki w Polsce, ale też że przygotował podstawy dla przyszłego rozwoju tej dyscypliny. The role of the history of science in Marian Smoluchowski’s scientific, didactic and philosophical activities Abstract Marian Smoluchowski (1872–1917) was an outstanding Polish physicist, known e.g. as a pioneer of statistical physics. His short paper about history of physics in Poland represents the initial study in this field. It was cited many times, creating the starting point for the historiography of physics in Poland. However, the role of history of science played in Smoluchowski’s activities was never systematically analyzed before. This article concentrates on three main domains of Smoluchowski’s activities involved with history of science: scientific, didactic and philosophical. It reveals that for Smoluchowski the importance of history of science was determined by its cultural impact. History of science played the important role in crystallization of his philosophical concepts, as well as in didactics revealing the internal dynamics of science and inspiring to new discoveries. The last issue is tied with specific methodological approach to physics called by Smoluchowski ‘romanticism of science’. This paper shows that Smoluchowski was not only a pioneer of history of physics in Poland, but also prepared some foundations for future development of this field of research. Słowa kluczowe: Marian Smoluchowski, historia fizyki, filozofia w nauce, historia nauki w dydaktyce fizyki, historia nauki a kultura / Marian Smoluchowski, history of physics, philosophy in science, history of science and didactics of physics, history of science and culture


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vizgin

The article examines the scientific and biographical approach to the history of science and especially its version, which can be called the method of personification of history. Both methods were proposed by S. I. Vavilov and both are associated with his understanding of the history of science as “a sequence of rare fluctuations of thought and scientific work ... like Archimedes and Newton”. The method of personification of history is illustrated on a number of large-scale fragments of the history of physics of the 19th and 20th centuries. Five cases of such personification are considered. This is, first of all, the case of G. Monge, who personified the science and technology of revolutionary France (analyzed by Vavilov himself). Two casesrefer to two scientific revolutions in physics of the 20th century (to the quantum-relativistic – the case of A. Einstein and to the gauge-field – the case of M. Gell-Mann). And, finally, two cases of personification of the history of Russian physics. In the first, not one, but two essentially opposite key figures of Russian physics on the eve of the scientific revolution are considered: N. A. Umov and P. N. Lebedev. The second case is S. I. Vavilov himself, who in many ways personified the development of Soviet physics in the first half of the 20th century.


2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Garik ◽  
Luciana Garbayo ◽  
Yann Benétreau-Dupin ◽  
Charles Winrich ◽  
Andrew Duffy ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Henrique de Morais Ribeiro

The aim of this paper is to develop further a model of reduction derived from Nagel’s model and from the deductive-nomological model of explanation. We propose this development by examining its consistency with the history of physics, in particular, with Nagel´s further account of the history of physics. In the first part, we introduce the issue of intertheoretical reduction. In the second, we examine the partial consistency of the derived D-N model of reduction with Nagel’s further considerations on reduction. As a conclusion, we argue that, in agreement with Nagel´s theory, the full consistency with history of science is a criterion needed for any purported theory of reduction and that the autonomy of the reducing science is to be preserved.


2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-451
Author(s):  
Cristian Bârsu

History of science is a vast and complex domain, comprising many sub-domains, such as: the history of medicine, history of chemistry, history of physics etc. Different specialists in these sub-domains, trying to reach the general and integrative understanding of the history of science, succeeded only after they acquired a rich scientific experience in their fields of activity. One of the scientists who had interesting papers on the history of science was Valeriu Bologa (1892-1971). He was the first Romanian professor of history of medicine. Our paper presents some milestones regarding his preoccupations on the history of science. The aim of our study is to prove that, although he was primarily a historian of medicine, he surpassed this framework, proving to be a skillful historian of science. The topics of his works on the history of science included: the value of the unity of science, the ethical aspects of science during centuries, the interferences between the history of science and the history of medicine etc.


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