Common drugs used in ENT

Drugs used in the ear 348 Drugs used in the nose 349 Drugs used in the treatment of acid reflux 350 This group of drugs is widely used for the treatment of otitis externa. Otitis externa 2 drops tds for 10 days Presence of grommet or tympanic membrane perforation due to aminoglycoside ototoxicity in the inner ear. Risk thought to be low in the presence of active infection where the middle-ear mucosa is swollen and the antibiotic is unlikely to reach the inner ear via the round window...

Sleep-disordered breathing

Sleep physiology 286 Assessment of sleep-disordered breathing 288 Sleep studies 290 Sleep-disordered breathing spectrum 291 Medical treatment 292 CPAP therapy 293 Surgery for sleep-disordered breathing 294 Friedman Classification System 295 —20% of sleep time (rapid eye movements seen under closed lids during sleep) —80% of sleep time. Subdivided into stages by EEG activity:...

The nose and sinuses

Structure and function of the nose 160 Rhinitis 164 Types of rhinitis 165 Medical treatment of rhinitis 166 Surgical treatment of rhinitis 168 Sinusitis 169 Acute sinusitis 170 Recurrent acute sinusitis 171 Chronic sinusitis 172 Surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis 174 Complications of sinusitis 176 Nasal polyps ...

The external ear

Structure and function of the external ear 74 Congenital abnormalities 76 Infection of the pinna 78 Trauma to the pinna 80 Otitis externa 82 Necrotizing otitis externa 84 Malignancy of the pinna 86 Malignancy of the EAC 88 A working knowledge of the anatomy of the ear helps in documentation, correspondence, and in describing sites of lesions and trauma over the telephone. The main anatomical points are shown in ...

Practical procedures

How to cauterize the nose 358 How to pack the nose 360 How to remove foreign bodies 362 How to syringe an ear 366 How to dry mop an ear 367 How to instil ear drops 368 How to drain a haematoma of the pinna ...

The inner ear

Structure and function of the inner ear 110 Hearing loss 114 Presbyacusis 116 Noise-induced hearing loss 118 Idiopathic sudden hearing loss 120 Autoimmune ear disease 122 Ototoxicity 124 Hereditary hearing loss 126 Syndromic hearing loss I 128 Syndromic hearing loss II 130 Non-organic hearing loss (NOHL) ...

ENT emergencies

Epistaxis 374 Sudden onset hearing loss 376 Facial palsy or VIIth nerve palsy 378 Periorbital cellulitis 380 Fractured nose 382 Oesophageal foreign bodies 384 Secondary tonsillar haemorrhage 385 See Chapter 12 for details of: The emergency airway Stridor Epiglottitis Supraglottitis Croup Cricothyroidotomy Tracheostomy See Chapter ...

Common methods of presentation

Hoarse voice 32 Epistaxis (nosebleed) 33 Dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) 34 A feeling of a lump in the throat 35 A lump in the neck 36 Mouth or tongue ulcer 38 Stridor 40 Facial nerve palsy 42 Nasal obstruction 43 The discharging ear 44 Dizziness and vertigo ...

The ENT examination

Equipment 12 Examination of the ear 14 Otoneurological examination 21 Examination of the nose 22 Endoscopic examination 26 A fully equipped ENT department will have all the necessary instruments for performing a full ENT examination. However, if you are a GP, or if you are working in another specialty, you will need to obtain a basic equipment kit....