Substance Abuse: Cocaine Use Disorders

Introduction:Substance-induced psychoses (SIP) are associated with greater conjugal ties, greater substance dependence, homelessness, parental substance abuse, poorer family support and visual hallucinations, while primary psychotic disorders (PP) have greater symptom severity.Objective:To describe differential characteristics between PP and SIP in a dual diagnosis unit.Method:We collected sociodemographic, employment data, admission reasons, family substance abuse and main drug of abuse.Results:•23 patients were admitted with psychosis (87% males; mean age 35,6±10,1). Two groups were performed: PP (N=12) and SIP (N=11).•Mean length of admission was 17,78±13,17 days. Most prevalent co-occurrent diagnoses were psychotic disorders-cocaine use disorders (43,5%).•The only significant difference between PP and SIP was shorter length of admission in SIP (days: mean [s.d]) (26,6±14,9 vs. 13,8±7,5; p< 0.05). Other variables studied were: (1) main reasons for admission: hallucinations/delusions (33,3% vs. 90,9%), suicide ideation (33,3% vs. 0%); (2) main drug of abuse: cocaine (50% vs. 45,5%), alcohol (33,3% vs. 0%), psychoestimulants (0% vs. 27,3%), cannabis (8,3% vs. 18,2%); (3) marital status: married/cohabiting (25% vs. 36,4%), divorced (16,7% vs. 0%), single (58,3% vs. 63,6%); (4) employment: employed (33,3% vs. 50%) and unemployed (66,7% vs. 50%); (5) age, years: mean (s.d): 37,8 (10,6) vs 33,2 (9,5); (6) parental substance abuse (65,7% vs. 83,3%).Conclusions:•No significant differences were found between both groups (PP vs. SIP) except for shorter length of admission in SIP.•The most frequent co-ocurrent diagnosis was psychotic disorder+cocaine use disorder.

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Substance Abuse: Cocaine Use Disorders

Psychiatry ◽

10.1002/9780470515167.ch58 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 1058-1089

Author(s):

Jennifer R. Baker ◽

Charles Y. Jin ◽

Elinore F. McCance-Katz

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Cocaine Use

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Let It Snow: Psychosocial Factors and Previous Substance Abuse Associated With Cocaine Use Among Bisexual Adults

Journal of Bisexuality ◽

10.1080/15299716.2019.1673870 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 539-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Andrew Yockey ◽

Keith A. King ◽

Rebecca A. Vidourek

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Cocaine Use

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Effects of Substance Abuse on Ventricular and Sulcal Measures Assessed by Computerised Tomography

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.159.2.217 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 159 (2) ◽

pp. 217-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Nicola G. Cascella ◽

Godfrey Pearlson ◽

Dean F. Wong ◽

Emmanuel Broussolle ◽

Craig Nagoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Computerised Tomography ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Chronic Use ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Normal Controls

Computerised tomography (CT) was used to assess the possible effects of substance abuse on brain morphology. Polydrug abusers had significantly wider third ventricles than normal controls, with a positive correlation between age and ventricle:brain ratio (VBR). Assuming no effect of age, estimated quantity of substance abuse was not significantly related to ventricular and sulcal measures, except that alcohol consumption correlated positively with VBR and severity of cocaine use correlated negatively with sulcal width. When age of the subjects was partialled out, alcohol use showed a tendency for association with VBR; however, severity of cocaine use did not remain a significant predictor of cortical sulcal width. The findings suggest that chronic use of alcohol, but not necessarily of other commonly abused substances, produces brain atrophy.

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Contemporary predictors of readmission outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis: analysis from a national readmission database

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

M Khayata ◽

A Addoumieh ◽

S Alkharabsheh ◽

P Collier ◽

A Klein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Opioid Abuse ◽

Index Admission ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

The Us ◽

Readmission Risk ◽

National Readmission Database

Abstract Background/Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a serious illness that is associated with remarkable morbidity and mortality in the United States (US). There are limited studies that investigated predictors of 30-day readmission risk in this population. Purpose We aimed to perform a contemporary analysis to investigate predictors of 30-day readmission in IE patients in the US. Methods We used the 2017 national readmission database to identify index admissions among adults (age ≥18) with the diagnosis of IE. Appropriate International Statistical Classification (ICD-10) codes were used to identify patients with IE. Primary outcome of interest was 30-day readmission, and hospital cost was the secondary outcome. Results Out of 49,692 admissions for IE, 5,743 (11.6%) patients were readmitted within 30 days. Patients who had 30-day readmission were younger (55±20 vs 61±19 years, P<0.001), 44.8% were females (P=0.08), 27.9% had diabetes mellitus (DM), 56.8% had hypertension, 37.9% had heart failure (HF), 31.3% had chronic kidney disease (CKD), 12.2% had end stage renal disease, and 47.8% had Medicare insurance. Patients who had readmissions within 30 days were more likely to have non-elective index admission (96.9% vs 93.4%, P<0.001), more likely to have hepatitis C (19.5% vs 12.2%, P<0.001), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1.7% vs 1.2%, P<0.001), substance abuse (8.6% vs 5.4%, P<0.001), opioid abuse (24% vs 14.7%, P<0.001), and cocaine use (7.4% vs 4.3%, P<0.001). Overall, 5,393 (10.9%) patients died during index admission. Median cost for readmissions within 30 days was $83,217 [$41,457-$165,487], compared to the index admission cost of $90,257 [$41,945- $208,851] (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, DM, HF, and CKD, substance abuse (odds ratio (OR): 1.19 [1.07–1.33]; P 0.001), opioid abuse (OR: 1.37, [1.26- 1.48]; P<0.001), cocaine use (OR: 1.33 [1.18- 1.48]; P<0.001), HIV (OR: 1.25 [1.01–1.56]; P=0.04), and hepatitis C (OR: 1.34 [1.24–1.45]; P<0.001) correlated with higher odds of readmissions within 30 days (Figure 1). Conclusion Approximately 1 in 4 patients admitted for IE in the US had a history of opioid abuse and almost one fifth had hepatitis C. The 30-day readmission rate remains significant in IE with high financial burden on the health system. Both opioid abuse and hepatitis C were among the highest predictors of readmission within 30 days. Identifying modifiable predictors of readmission in this population may reduce readmission risk and healthcare cost. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Oral fluid as an alternative matrix to monitor opiate and cocaine use in substance-abuse treatment patients

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.020 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (2-3) ◽

pp. 258-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Riet Dams ◽

Robin E. Choo ◽

Willy E. Lambert ◽

Hendree Jones ◽

Marilyn A. Huestis

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Substance Abuse Treatment ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Abuse Treatment

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Are there Differences between Primary Psicosis and Substance-induced Psicosis?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70674-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

L. Diaz Digon ◽

D. Martinez Sanvisens ◽

L. Morro Fernandez ◽

G. Mateu Codina ◽

A. Merino Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

List Type ◽

Parental Substance Abuse ◽

Drug Of Abuse ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Employment Data

Introduction:Substance-induced psychoses (SIP) are associated with greater conjugal ties, greater substance dependence, homelessness, parental substance abuse, poorer family support and visual hallucinations, while primary psychotic disorders (PP) have greater symptom severity.Objective:To describe differential characteristics between PP and SIP in a dual diagnosis unit.Method:We collected sociodemographic, employment data, admission reasons, family substance abuse and main drug of abuse.Results:•23 patients were admitted with psychosis (87% males; mean age 35,6±10,1). Two groups were performed: PP (N=12) and SIP (N=11).•Mean length of admission was 17,78±13,17 days. Most prevalent co-occurrent diagnoses were psychotic disorders-cocaine use disorders (43,5%).•The only significant difference between PP and SIP was shorter length of admission in SIP (days: mean [s.d]) (26,6±14,9 vs. 13,8±7,5; p< 0.05). Other variables studied were: (1) main reasons for admission: hallucinations/delusions (33,3% vs. 90,9%), suicide ideation (33,3% vs. 0%); (2) main drug of abuse: cocaine (50% vs. 45,5%), alcohol (33,3% vs. 0%), psychoestimulants (0% vs. 27,3%), cannabis (8,3% vs. 18,2%); (3) marital status: married/cohabiting (25% vs. 36,4%), divorced (16,7% vs. 0%), single (58,3% vs. 63,6%); (4) employment: employed (33,3% vs. 50%) and unemployed (66,7% vs. 50%); (5) age, years: mean (s.d): 37,8 (10,6) vs 33,2 (9,5); (6) parental substance abuse (65,7% vs. 83,3%).Conclusions:•No significant differences were found between both groups (PP vs. SIP) except for shorter length of admission in SIP.•The most frequent co-ocurrent diagnosis was psychotic disorder+cocaine use disorder.

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