Are there Differences between Primary Psicosis and Substance-induced Psicosis?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
L. Diaz Digon ◽  
D. Martinez Sanvisens ◽  
L. Morro Fernandez ◽  
G. Mateu Codina ◽  
A. Merino Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Parental Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Of Abuse ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Employment Data

Introduction:Substance-induced psychoses (SIP) are associated with greater conjugal ties, greater substance dependence, homelessness, parental substance abuse, poorer family support and visual hallucinations, while primary psychotic disorders (PP) have greater symptom severity.Objective:To describe differential characteristics between PP and SIP in a dual diagnosis unit.Method:We collected sociodemographic, employment data, admission reasons, family substance abuse and main drug of abuse.Results:•23 patients were admitted with psychosis (87% males; mean age 35,6±10,1). Two groups were performed: PP (N=12) and SIP (N=11).•Mean length of admission was 17,78±13,17 days. Most prevalent co-occurrent diagnoses were psychotic disorders-cocaine use disorders (43,5%).•The only significant difference between PP and SIP was shorter length of admission in SIP (days: mean [s.d]) (26,6±14,9 vs. 13,8±7,5; p< 0.05). Other variables studied were: (1) main reasons for admission: hallucinations/delusions (33,3% vs. 90,9%), suicide ideation (33,3% vs. 0%); (2) main drug of abuse: cocaine (50% vs. 45,5%), alcohol (33,3% vs. 0%), psychoestimulants (0% vs. 27,3%), cannabis (8,3% vs. 18,2%); (3) marital status: married/cohabiting (25% vs. 36,4%), divorced (16,7% vs. 0%), single (58,3% vs. 63,6%); (4) employment: employed (33,3% vs. 50%) and unemployed (66,7% vs. 50%); (5) age, years: mean (s.d): 37,8 (10,6) vs 33,2 (9,5); (6) parental substance abuse (65,7% vs. 83,3%).Conclusions:•No significant differences were found between both groups (PP vs. SIP) except for shorter length of admission in SIP.•The most frequent co-ocurrent diagnosis was psychotic disorder+cocaine use disorder.

Are there Differences between Primary Psicosis and Substance-induced Psicosis?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
L. Diaz Digon ◽  
D. Martinez Sanvisens ◽  
L. Morro Fernandez ◽  
G. Mateu Codina ◽  
A. Merino Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Parental Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Of Abuse ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Employment Data

Introduction:Substance-induced psychoses (SIP) are associated with greater conjugal ties, greater substance dependence, homelessness, parental substance abuse, poorer family support and visual hallucinations, while primary psychotic disorders (PP) have greater symptom severity.Objective:To describe differential characteristics between PP and SIP in a dual diagnosis unit.Method:We collected sociodemographic, employment data, admission reasons, family substance abuse and main drug of abuse.Results:•23 patients were admitted with psychosis (87% males; mean age 35,6±10,1). Two groups were performed: PP (N=12) and SIP (N=11).•Mean length of admission was 17,78±13,17 days. Most prevalent co-occurrent diagnoses were psychotic disorders-cocaine use disorders (43,5%).•The only significant difference between PP and SIP was shorter length of admission in SIP (days: mean [s.d]) (26,6±14,9 vs. 13,8±7,5; p< 0.05). Other variables studied were: (1) main reasons for admission: hallucinations/delusions (33,3% vs. 90,9%), suicide ideation (33,3% vs. 0%); (2) main drug of abuse: cocaine (50% vs. 45,5%), alcohol (33,3% vs. 0%), psychoestimulants (0% vs. 27,3%), cannabis (8,3% vs. 18,2%); (3) marital status: married/cohabiting (25% vs. 36,4%), divorced (16,7% vs. 0%), single (58,3% vs. 63,6%); (4) employment: employed (33,3% vs. 50%) and unemployed (66,7% vs. 50%); (5) age, years: mean (s.d): 37,8 (10,6) vs 33,2 (9,5); (6) parental substance abuse (65,7% vs. 83,3%).Conclusions:•No significant differences were found between both groups (PP vs. SIP) except for shorter length of admission in SIP.•The most frequent co-ocurrent diagnosis was psychotic disorder+cocaine use disorder.

scholarly journals Sensation seeking and psychoactive substance consumption: differences between a consumer and a non-consumer sample

Medunab ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Iván González-Gallo ◽  
Laura Sofía Rueda-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Substance Consumption ◽  
Learning Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale

Introduction. Internationally, there have been several studies carried out in order to demonstrate the relationship between a high level of Sensation Seeking and illegal drug abuse. However, few studies in Colombia replicate those results. The objective is to examine the difference of Sensation Seeking personality trait and its subscales in the behaviour of drug abuse on two Colombian samples, consumers and non-consumers, measured through the Sensation Seeking Scale-V (Zuckerman & Kulhman, 1980). Methodology. 341 adult subjects, from both genders, composed the sample, half of them were consumers of illegal drugs and half of them non-consumers, assessed through Sensation Seeking Scale Version V. Results. There is a significant difference between consumers and non-consumers within the general scale and three subscales of the trait (Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Experience Seeking and Disinhibition). Discussion. Differences between the scores of consumers and non-consumers sample regarding the general trait and subtraits show the relevance of personality factors regarding substance abuse, independently than social and learning factors are influential as well. Conclusions. There is a link between Sensation Seeking and substance abuse showing the importance of the level of the trait in the multivariate phenomenon of substance dependence.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of psycho-education on depression, hopelessness, suicidality, anxiety and substance use among basic diploma students at Kenya Medical Training College

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kagwiria Muriungi ◽  
David Musyimi Ndetei
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

<div class="column"><p><span><strong>Objective</strong>. </span><span>To determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on symptom severity in depression, hopelessness, suicidality, anxiety and risk of substance abuse among para-medical students at Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC).<br /> </span></p><p><strong>Methodology. </strong><span>A clinical trial drew experimental (<em>N</em>=1 181) and control (<em>N</em>=1 926) groups from different KMTC campuses. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data: the researcher-designed social demographic questionnaire was used at baseline only, while Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Hopelessness Scale, Beck’s Suicide Ideation Scale, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) (for drug abuse) were used for baseline, mid-point and end-point assessments at 3-month intervals. The experimental group received a total of 16 hours of structured psycho-education. All study participants gave informed consent. </span></p><p><span><strong>Results</strong>. </span><span>Overall, there was no significant reduction in symptom severity between the experimental and control groups at 3 months (<em>p</em>&gt;0.05) but there was a significant difference at 6 months (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05).</span></p><p><span><br /> </span><strong>Conclusion. </strong><span>Psycho-education was effective in reducing the severity of symptoms of depression, hopelessness, suicidality, anxiety and risk of substance abuse at 6 months. </span></p></div>

scholarly journals The Role of Past Suicidal Behavior on Current Suicidality: A Retrospective Study in the Israeli Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Leah Shelef ◽  
Jessica M Rabbany ◽  
Peter M Gutierrez ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Ariel Ben Yehuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Significant Difference

Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of 18 and 28 years old (M = 20.4, SD ± 1.3). The inclusion criterion was a recent severe suicide attempt, requiring at least a 24 h hospitalization. This sample was divided into two groups, according to previous suicidal behavior, namely whether their first suicide attempt was before or after enlistment (n = 25; 38.5% and n = 40; 61.5%, respectively). We then examined the lethality and intent of the recent event in regard to this division. Four measures were used to assess the subjects’ suicidal characteristics: the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. No significant difference in the severity of the suicide attempts (either actual or potential severity) were found between those who had suicide attempts before enlistment and those who had their first attempt in the service. As a matter of fact, most of the suicide attempts that occurred for the first time during military service had used a violent method (58.3%, n = 21). Finally, using multivariate analyses, we found that current thoughts and behavior, rather than past suicidality, was the strongest predictor for the lethality of suicide attempts.

scholarly journals Correlation of adverse childhood experiences with psychiatric disorders and aggressiveness in adulthood

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Samardzic ◽  
Gordana Nikolic ◽  
Grozdanko Grbesa ◽  
Maja Simonovic ◽  
Tatjana Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Aim. Consequences of individual adverse childhood experiences for adult mental health have been precisely studied during past decades. The focus of past research was mainly on childhood maltreatment and neglect. The aim of this paper was to determine association between multiple adverse childhood experiences and psychiatric disorders, as well as their correlation to the degree and type of aggressiveness in adult psychiatric patients. Methods. One hundred and thirteen psychiatric outpatients were divided into three diagnostic groups: psychotics, non-psychotics and alcoholics and compared with fourty healthy individuals. Adverse childhood experiences data were gathered retrospectively, using the Adverse childhood experiences questionnaire and explanatory interview. Aggressiveness was assessed using Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. The Student's t test, ANOVA and correlational analysis were used for evaluation of statistical significance of differences among the groups. A value p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Our results showed that the mean number of adverse childhood experiences in each group of psychiatric patients, as well as in the whole group of patients, was statistically significantly higher than in the group of healthy individuals (p < 0.001); there was a statistically significant difference in score of physical aggressiveness between the patients exposed to adverse childhood experiences and those who were not exposed to them (p < 0.05); scores of physical aggressiveness were in positive correlation with the number of adverse childhood experiences (p < 0.05). The highest mean score of adverse childhood experiences was evidenced in the group of patients with psychotic disorders. Conclusion. Multiple adverse childhood experiences are significantly associated with psychotic disorders, nonpsychotic disorders and alcohol dependence in adulthood and their presence is important morbidity risk factor for psychiatric disorders. They are in positive correlation with physical aggressiveness of the patients from these diagnostic groups.

An Automatic Handheld Device for Firmness Measurement of Fruit with Edible Peel Based on Resistance Sensing: A Case Study of Peaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1895-1905
Author(s):  
Dachen Wang ◽  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Di Cui
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement Results

HighlightsA handheld device was developed for automatic on-site measurement of fruit firmness.The prototype device achieved better performance than a typical commercial penetrometer.Two commonly used firmness-related parameters could be predicted based on the prototype readings.The distribution and changes of firmness could be visualized based on 3D models of the prototype readings.Abstract. Firmness is an important indicator of fruit quality. The devices for on-site fruit firmness measurement need to be portable, low-cost, lightweight, reliable, and flexible. Existing portable devices can provide firmness-related parameters, but their measurement results cannot be converted to each other. Their measurement results are also susceptible to operator error due to the manual measurement process. To solve this problem, a prototype handheld device was developed based on sensing fruit resistance to achieve automatic on-site firmness measurement of fruit with edible peel and provide commonly used firmness-related parameters. The prototype’s precision was verified by analyzing the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurement results with four Shore hardness blocks. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the results obtained by the same operator were less than 0.61%, and there was no significant difference among the results obtained by different operators (p &lt; 0.05), which indicated that the prototype could provide reliable measurement results. A case study of peaches was performed, and the results showed that (1) the prototype had better performance than a commercial penetrometer, (2) two commonly used firmness-related parameters could be predicted based on regression models between a texture analyzer and the prototype readings (R2P = 0.908 and RMSEP = 4.191 N for maximum force; R2P = 0.923 and RMSEP = 1.613 N mm-1 for initial slope), (3) changes in the prototype readings for peaches during growth corresponded with the growth characteristics, and (4) the distribution and changes of peach firmness over time could be visualized based on 3D models of the prototype readings. Keywords: Automatic, Fruit firmness, Handheld device, High precision, Peach.

Abstract 2244: A Novel Micropace-Ablate Protocol Eliminates Coagulum Formation in Radiofrequency Ablation

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lim ◽  
K.l. Venkatachalam ◽  
Susan Johnson ◽  
Arshad Jahangir ◽  
Samuel Asirvatham
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
List Type ◽  
Rf Ablation ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Delivery Unit ◽  
Rf Energy

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation for cardiac arrythmias is an established curative therapy. However, catheter-tip coagulum formation leading to thromboembolic stroke is a persistent problem despite heparinization. Recent studies demonstrated an up to 70% incidence of thrombus formation on the catheter tip during ablation and a 10 % incidence of thromboembolic events. Catheter tip thrombus can impede the delivery of RF energy to the tissue, resulting in reduced efficacy and longer procedure times. Here we report on a novel method to prevent coagulum formation on ablation catheters by delivering a negative charge to the catheter tip to repel negatively charged fibrinogen molecules during RF ablation. A novel circuit was built with a charge delivery unit using a 9 voltage battery to deliver a fixed offset direct current charge, placed in parallel to the RF delivery unit for negative charge placement during RF delivery. In in-vivo canine experiments (n=50) standard 6/4, 8/5 ablation catheters and catheters with abraded tips were advanced from right femoral veins into atria and ventricles under intra-cardiac echo (ICE) and biplane fluoroscopic guidance. The dogs received 1 of 2 therapies: no RF energy delivered with and without negative charge delivery, RF energy delivery with and without negative charge delivery. The presence of thrombus was identified with ICE. The catheter tips were examined also macroscopically with visual inspection and also with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM of the catheter tips showed surface coverage of fibrin clot of the catheter tip to be 90 % for non-charged catheters compared to 0 % (p< 0.01) in negatively-charged catheters. There was no significant difference in surface coverage of fibrin clot between negatively-charged catheters with the abraded tips (98.8%) and non-charged catheters with smooth tips (90.7 %, p=ns). Clot volume formed on the catheter tip decreased with increased amount of charge. Application of a negative charge did not affect the quality of the intracardiac electrograms or induce malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Negative charge delivery during RF ablation is feasible and safe and can eliminate coagulum formation, potentially reducing thromboembolic complications.

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