Modeling of the Human Heart – Ventricular Activation Sequence and ECG Measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Nenad D. Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Heart ◽  
Ventricular Activation ◽  
Activation Sequence

Noninvasive three-dimensional electrocardiographic imaging of ventricular activation sequence

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (6) ◽  
pp. H2724-H2732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Indiresha Ramachandra ◽  
Zhongming Liu ◽  
Basharat Muneer ◽  
Steven M. Pogwizd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrocardiographic Imaging ◽  
Ventricular Activation ◽  
Body Surface Potential ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Activation Sequence

Imaging the myocardial activation sequence is critical for improved diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. It is desirable to reveal the underlying cardiac electrical activity throughout the three-dimensional (3-D) myocardium (rather than just the endocardial or epicardial surface) from noninvasive body surface potential measurements. A new 3-D electrocardiographic imaging technique (3-DEIT) based on the boundary element method (BEM) and multiobjective nonlinear optimization has been applied to reconstruct the cardiac activation sequences from body surface potential maps. Ultrafast computerized tomography scanning was performed for subsequent construction of the torso and heart models. Experimental studies were then conducted, during left and right ventricular pacing, in which noninvasive assessment of ventricular activation sequence by means of 3-DEIT was performed simultaneously with 3-D intracardiac mapping (up to 200 intramural sites) using specially designed plunge-needle electrodes in closed-chest rabbits. Estimated activation sequences from 3-DEIT were in good agreement with those constructed from simultaneously recorded intracardiac electrograms in the same animals. Averaged over 100 paced beats (from a total of 10 pacing sites), total activation times were comparable (53.3 ± 8.1 vs. 49.8 ± 5.2 ms), the localization error of site of initiation of activation was 5.73 ± 1.77 mm, and the relative error between the estimated and measured activation sequences was 0.32 ± 0.06. The present experimental results demonstrate that the 3-D paced ventricular activation sequence can be reconstructed by using noninvasive multisite body surface electrocardiographic measurements and imaging of heart-torso geometry. This new 3-D electrocardiographic imaging modality has the potential to guide catheter-based ablative interventions for the treatment of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.

scholarly journals P-222 Effect of asynchronous ventricular activation sequence on cytokine activation and oxidative stress in paced patients

EP Europace ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. B119-B119
Author(s):  
M.E. Marketou ◽  
E.N. Simantirakis ◽  
D.P. Nikitovic ◽  
S.I. Chrysostomakis ◽  
K.E. Vardakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cytokine Activation ◽  
Ventricular Activation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Activation Sequence

Effect of activation sequence on MVO2 before and after coronary ligation

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. H260-H265
Author(s):  
A. C. Kralios ◽  
T. J. Tsagaris
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ventricular Activation ◽  
Ectopic Activation ◽  
Activation Sequence

In pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs with fixed heart rate, cardiac output, and systemic arterial pressure, ectopic ventricular activation originating from apical as compared to basilar regions of either ventricle was associated with small (3--5%) but significantly (P less than 0.005) lower myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) and thus higher left ventricular (LV) efficiency without change in LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), work index (LVWI), and LV dP/dt. Data obtained during epicardial and corresponding endocardial activation did not differ. During normal ventricular activation, MVO2 remained unchanged but LVEDP was significantly (P less than 0.005) lower, thus yielding higher LVWI and efficiency. MVO2 differences among ectopic sites were abolished after coronary artery occlusion, whereas data obtained during endocardial and epicardial on normal and ectopic activation were not affected. Thus, normal activation resulting in lower LVEDP is most efficient; apical ventricular activation is less efficient at the same MVO2P basilar is the least efficient, because both MVO2 and LVEDP are higher. Ventricular activation sequence changes do not constitute a substantial determinant of MVO2.

scholarly journals Stretch–excitation correlation in the toad heart

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (23) ◽  
pp. jeb228882
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Vityazev ◽  
Jan E. Azarov
Keyword(s):  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Ventricular Activation ◽  
Potential Mapping ◽  
Activation Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Activation Sequence

ABSTRACTThe activation sequence of the ventricular myocardium in ectotherms is a matter of debate. We studied the correlation between the ventricular activation sequence and the pattern of local stretches in 13 toads (Bufo bufo). Epicardial potential mapping was done with a 56-lead sock array. Activation times were determined as dV/dt (min) in each lead. Initial epicardial foci of activation were found on the left side of the ventricular base, whereas regions on the apex and the right side of the base demonstrated late activation. Video recordings (50 frames s−1) showed that the median presystolic stretch in left-side ventricular regions was greater than that in right-side regions [4.70% (interquartile range 3.25–8.85%) versus 1.45% (interquartile range 0.38–3.05%), P=0.028, respectively]. Intracardiac bolus injection elicited ventricular activation with a similar sequence and duration. Thus, ventricular areas of earliest activation were associated with greater presystolic stretch, implying the existence of a stretch–excitation relationship in ectotherm hearts.

Electrophysiology and anatomy of embryonic rabbit hearts before and after septation

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. H344-H351 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rothenberg ◽  
V. P. Nikolski ◽  
M. Watanabe ◽  
I. R. Efimov
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical Mapping ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ventricular Activation ◽  
Activation Sequence

Mechanisms of cardiac pacemaking and conduction system (CPCS) development are difficult to study, in part because of the absence of models that are physiologically similar to humans in which we can label the entire CPCS. Investigations of the adult rabbit heart have provided insight into normal and abnormal cardiac conduction. The adult and the embryonic rabbit have an endogenous marker of the entire cardiac conduction system, neurofilament 160 (NF-160). Previous work suggested that ventricular septation correlates with critical phases in avian CPCS development, in contrast to the mouse CPCS. Combining high-resolution optical mapping with immunohistochemical analysis of the embryonic rabbit heart, we investigated the significance of ventricular septation in patterning the rabbit embryonic conduction system. We hypothesized that 1) completion of ventricular septation does not correlate with changes in the ventricular activation sequence in rabbit embryos and 2) CPCS anatomy determines the activation sequence of the embryonic heart. We found that preseptated ( days 11–13, n = 13) and postseptated (day 15, n = 5) hearts had similar “apex-to-base” ventricular excitation. PR intervals were not significantly different in either group. CPCS anatomy revealed continuity of the NF-160-positive tract connecting the presumptive sinoatrial node, atrioventricular (AV) junction, and ventricular conduction system. The presence of collagen in the AV junction coincided with the appearance of an AV interval. We conclude that the apex-to-base ventricular activation sequence in the rabbit embryo is present before completion of ventricular septation. CPCS anatomy reflects global cardiac activation as demonstrated by high-resolution optical mapping.

scholarly journals Human ventricular activation sequence and the simulation of the electrocardiographic QRS complex and its variability in healthy and intraventricular block conditions

EP Europace ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. iv4-iv15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louie Cardone-Noott ◽  
Alfonso Bueno-Orovio ◽  
Ana Mincholé ◽  
Nejib Zemzemi ◽  
Blanca Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Ventricular Activation ◽  
Activation Sequence
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