Enteric Viruses and the Intestinal Microbiota

Diverse Mechanisms Underlie Enhancement of Enteric Viruses by the Mammalian Intestinal Microbiota

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11080760 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 760 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alexa N. Roth ◽

Katrina R. Grau ◽

Stephanie M. Karst

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Enteric Virus ◽

Commensal Bacteria ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Virus Binding ◽

Host Immune Responses ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact

Over the past two decades, there has been tremendous progress in understanding the impact of the intestinal microbiota on mammalian metabolism, physiology, and immune development and function. There has also been substantial advancement in elucidating the interplay between commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Relatively more recently, researchers have begun to investigate the effect of the intestinal microbiota on viral pathogenesis. Indeed, a growing body of literature has reported that commensal bacteria within the mammalian intestinal tract enhance enteric virus infections through a variety of mechanisms. Commensal bacteria or bacterial glycans can increase the stability of enteric viruses, enhance virus binding to host receptors, modulate host immune responses in a proviral manner, expand the numbers of host cell targets, and facilitate viral recombination. In this review, we will summarize the current literature exploring these effects of the intestinal microbiota on enteric virus infections.

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Electron Microscopic Detection and Characterization of Nonhuman Primate Enteric Viruses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054145 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 306-307

Author(s):

G. C. Smith ◽

R. L. Heberling ◽

S. S. Kalter

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Animal Model ◽

Nonhuman Primate ◽

Clinical Condition ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Microscopic Detection

A number of viral agents are recognized as and suspected of causing the clinical condition “gastroenteritis.” In our attempts to establish an animal model for studies of this entity, we have been examining the nonhuman primate to ascertain what viruses may be found in the intestinal tract of “normal” animals as well as animals with diarrhea. Several virus types including coronavirus, adenovirus, herpesvirus, and picornavirus (Table I) were detected in our colony; however, rotavirus, astrovirus, and calicivirus have not yet been observed. Fecal specimens were prepared for electron microscopy by procedures reported previously.

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