Ultimate Explanation and Necessary Being

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-85
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Being ◽  
Ultimate Explanation

The “How” of Animacy Effects in Episodic Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bonin ◽  
Margaux Gelin ◽  
Betty Laroche ◽  
Alain Méot ◽  
Aurélia Bugaiska
Keyword(s):  
Memory Load ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Interactive Imagery ◽  
Ultimate Explanation ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Observation Results

Abstract. Animates are better remembered than inanimates. According to the adaptive view of human memory ( Nairne, 2010 ; Nairne & Pandeirada, 2010a , 2010b ), this observation results from the fact that animates are more important for survival than inanimates. This ultimate explanation of animacy effects has to be complemented by proximate explanations. Moreover, animacy currently represents an uncontrolled word characteristic in most cognitive research ( VanArsdall, Nairne, Pandeirada, & Cogdill, 2015 ). In four studies, we therefore investigated the “how” of animacy effects. Study 1 revealed that words denoting animates were recalled better than those referring to inanimates in an intentional memory task. Study 2 revealed that adding a concurrent memory load when processing words for the animacy dimension did not impede the animacy effect on recall rates. Study 3A was an exact replication of Study 2 and Study 3B used a higher concurrent memory load. In these two follow-up studies, animacy effects on recall performance were again not altered by a concurrent memory load. Finally, Study 4 showed that using interactive imagery to encode animate and inanimate words did not alter the recall rate of animate words but did increase the recall of inanimate words. Taken together, the findings suggest that imagery processes contribute to these effects.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Pruss ◽  
Joshua L. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
Necessary Being ◽  
Detailed Presentation

Why care whether there is a necessary being? The chapter opens with an explanation of how the question of whether there is a necessary being matters in theology, cosmology, and debates about fundamental ontology. It is shown that some of the most important questions in these fields depend in one way or another on whether there is a necessary being. Some reason is provided to be optimistic that it is possible to make progress on the question of whether there is a necessary being. Toward that end, the results of a survey (www.necessarybeing.com) are also given, which suggests that the vast majority of people, including skeptics of a necessary being, are inclined to find plausible certain premises in deductive arguments for the existence of a necessary being. The stage is set for a detailed presentation and analysis of those arguments.

Necessary Existence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Pruss ◽  
Joshua L. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Abstract Objects ◽  
Classical Theism ◽  
Necessary Being ◽  
Necessary Existence ◽  
Concrete Entity ◽  
The Universe

A necessary being is a concrete entity that cannot fail to exist. An example of such a being might be the God of classical theism or the universe of necessitarians. Necessary Existence offers and carefully defends a number of novel arguments for the thesis that there exists at least one necessary being, while inviting the reader to a future investigation of what the neccessary being(s) is (are) like. The arguments include a defense of a classic contingency argument, a series of new modal arguments from possible causes, an argument from abstract objects, and a Gödelian argument from perfections. Furthermore, arguments against the possibility of a necessary being are critically examined. Among these arguments are old and new arguments from conceivability, a subtraction argument, problems with causation, and an argument from parsimony. Necessary Existence also includes a defense of the axioms of S5 modal logic, which is a framework for understanding several arguments for necessary existents.

scholarly journals The curious conundrum regarding sulfur and oxygen abundances in planetary nebulae

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S283) ◽  
pp. 384-385
Author(s):  
Richard B. C. Henry ◽  
Angela Speck ◽  
Amanda I. Karakas ◽  
Gary J. Ferland
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Ultimate Explanation

AbstractWe carefully consider numerous explanations for the sulfur abundance anomaly in planetary nebulae. No one rationale appears to be satisfactory, and we suggest that the ultimate explanation is likely to be a heretofore unidentified feature of the nebular gas which significantly impacts the sulfur ionization correction factor.

scholarly journals BERTUHAN TANPA AGAMA?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Suyono
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Being

Manusia adalah makhluk misterius, karena dibekali fakultas akal yang bisa melahirkan pemikiran-pemikiran yang sangat menge-jutkan penalaran awam. “Against religion, why we should try to live without it? “, “Spirituality yes, organized religion no “, “God is dead “ dan be¬la¬¬kangan “Bertuhan tanpa agama" adalah contoh-contoh pemi¬kir¬an yang dilahirkan oleh manusia lewat fakultas akal yang dimilikinya itu. Contoh-contoh itu bisa diambil nilai po¬sitif¬nya yaitu ba¬gaimana menjadikan agama resmi yang di¬peluk manusia ini fungsional untuk kebaikan ma¬nusia. Agama harus mem¬bawa kebaikan bagi peme¬luk¬nya khususnya dan manusia umum¬nya, kare¬na agama haki¬kat¬nya adalah ajaran-ajaran berupa petunjuk-petunjuk yang misinya mem¬ba¬ha¬gia¬kan manu¬sia. Sebab kalau tidak diambil nilai posi¬tifnya, pernyataan-pernyataan seperti itu akan mem¬buat para agamawan keba¬karan jenggot. Demi¬kian juga, pernyataan-pernyataan tersebut harus dipahami secara filosofis karena per¬nyataan-per¬¬nyataan ter¬sebut dalam dunia filsafat merupakan hal yang abash-absah saja. Kata Kunci: Impossible being, necessary being, al-Iktinah, eksis¬ten¬¬sialisme, Prima Causa

scholarly journals The Problem of Eternity of the World in the Philosophical-Theological Theory of Grigor Tatevatsi

wisdom ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Seyran ZAKARYAN
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Being ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Providence Of God ◽  
Do So ◽  
Will Of God

The famous Armenian theologian and philosopher Grigor Tatevatsi (1346-1409) in his teaching tries to compare the biblical truth of creation with the philosophical postulate regarding the eternity of the world. Principally, being a creationist thinker, he criticized the theories that made the Materia co-eternal to God, meanwhile, he proposed the following arguments regarding the eternity of the world: a) before the creation the world existed actually by influence in the providence of God as an immaterial paradigm; b) the world is eternal because it is linked to eternity; c) the God is the eternal and always actual being, therefore the world was created eternal and the eternal is the necessary being which never can become none-being; d) the will of God is unchangeable, He cannot make the created world become non-being otherwise His will would change; e) the God does not make the world become non-being not because He is unable to do so but due to the boundless goodness; f. the world is eternal because the four elements and qualities that are the basis of it, are eternal. Therefore, even though the arguments proposed by Tatevatsi are based on and contain typical ideas of Neoplatonism, one has to take into account that he speaks of the eternity of the created world rather than co-existence of world with the God.

Metaphyiscal Nihilism and Necessary Being

Philosophia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyron Goldschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Being
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