Solvent-Templated Block Ionomers for Base- and Acid-Gas Separations: Effect of Humidity on Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Permeation

Abstract The paper objective is to present the successful achievement by Saudi Aramco gas operations to reduce the carbon emission at Hawyiah NGL Recovery Plant (HNGLRP) after successful operation & maintainability of the newly state of the art Carbon Capture & Sequestration (CC&S) technology. This is in line with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) 2030 vision to increase the resources sustainability for future growth and part of Saudi Aramco circular economy in action examples. Saudi Aramco CC&S started in June 2015 at HNGLRP with main objective to capture the carbon dioxide (CO2) from Acid Gas Removal Units (AGRUs) and then inject an annual mass of nearly 750 Kton of carbon dioxide into oil wells for sequestration and enhanced oil recovery maintainability. This is to replace the typical acid gas incineration process after AGRUs operation to reduce carbon footprint. CC&S consists of the followings: integrally geared multistage compressor, standalone dehydration system using Tri-Ethylene Glycol (TEG), CO2 vapor recovery unit (VRU), Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) to treat water generated from compression and dehydration systems for reuse purpose, and special dense phase pump that transfers the dehydrated CO2 at supercritical phase through 85 km pipeline to replace the typical sea water injection methodology in enhancing oil recovery. CC&S has several new technologies and experiences represented by the compressor capacity, supercritical phase fluid pumping, using mechanical ejector application to maximize carbon recovery, and CO2/TEG dehydration system as non-typical dehydration system. CC&S design considered the occupational health hazards generated from the compressor operation by installing engineering enclosure with proper ventilation system to minimize the noise hazard. CC&S helped HNGLRP to reduce the overall Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission resulted from typical CO2 incineration process (thermal oxidizing). (2) The total GHG resulted from combustion sources at HNGLRP reduced by nearly 30% since CC&S technology in operation. The fuel gas consumption to run the thermal oxidizers in AGRUs reduced by 75% and sent as sales gas instead. The Energy Intensity Index (EII) reduced by 8% since 2015, water reuse index (WRI) increased by 12%. In conclusion, the project shows significant reduction in the carbon emission, noticeable increase in the production, and considerable water reuse.

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Role of Toluene and Carbon Dioxide on Sulfur Recovery Efficiency in Claus Process

Volume 1: Fuels and Combustion, Material Handling, Emissions; Steam Generators; Heat Exchangers and Cooling Systems; Turbines, Generators and Auxiliaries; Plant Operations and Maintenance; Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM); Plant Systems, Structures, Components and Materials Issues ◽

10.1115/power2014-32055 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Salisu Ibrahim ◽

Marie Chardonneau ◽

Ahmed S. AlShoaibi ◽

Ashwani K. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Operating Temperature ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Sulfur Recovery ◽

Optimum Operating Temperature ◽

Claus Process ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Reactor Temperature

Examination of the effect of toluene and carbon dioxide accompanying acid gases (mainly H2S) in the sulfur recovery process is very critical to determine the optimum operating temperature for enhanced sulfur recovery. Experimental and simulation were used to quantify the conversion efficiency with the addition of different amounts of toluene and carbon dioxide/toluene mixtures to the H2S gas stream. The results showed similar trends between predictions and experimental data, which revealed a decrease in conversion efficiency with increase in toluene or carbon dioxide/toluene addition to the H2S gas stream in a reactor. Further simulations were carried out to seek for the effect of toluene and CO2 addition to acid gas stream on the more favorable operating temperature of the reactor. The results showed that toluene increases the optimum reactor temperature at which enhanced sulfur recovery occurs, whereas it reduces the optimum operating temperature in the presence of CO2. The presence of toluene and CO2 in the acid gas stream affects the sulfur recovery efficiency by altering the optimum temperature of the reactor. These results reveal the importance of reactor temperature and its excursion on sulfur recovery in a Claus process. The effect of mean reactor temperature and its role on detailed chemical speciation from within the reactor as well as the role of key species formed in the process on sulfur recovery are presented.

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Carbon Dioxide Capture and Acid Gas Injection

10.1002/9781118938706 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

John J. Carroll ◽

Weiyao Zhu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽

Gas Injection ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Acid Gas Injection

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Narcosis and Asphyxiation in Some Species and Mutants of Drosophila

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.19.3.238 ◽

1942 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 238-254

Author(s):

HANS KALMUS

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Hydrocyanic Acid ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Recovery Curves ◽

Straight Line ◽

Recovery Times ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Different Parts

1. Narcosis and asphyxia in insects can be investigated by measuring the recovery time. This and other terms are defined, and suitable criteria of recovery are given. 2. Simple techniques for the etherizing and gassing of Drosophila batches are described and the validity of the quantitative results obtained is shown. 3. The recovery time is increased by the time of influx and by the concentration of the narcotic. The shapes of the curves obtained in experimental series are logarithmic (carbon dioxide asphyxiation), straight line (ether in some species), concave, convex or sigmoid (ether). It is suggested that the different forms of ether recovery curves are different parts of essentially similar curves, which one might explain by the joint action of two macrophases, one aqueous and one lipoid. 4. Physiological factors determining recovery times are: (a) sex: females recover earlier from ether narcosis than males; (b) age: young flies recover earlier than older ones; (c) lack of food and moisture, which increases the recovery timè; and (d) chemical reaction: flies kept on acid food remain longer narcotized than flies bred on an alkaline medium. 5. Carbon dioxide lengthens recovery from ether narcosis and hydrocyanic acid immobilization when applied before the influx time and shortens it when applied during recovery time. If administered during recovery, it also shortens the recovery from asphyxiation. 6. Carbon monoxide and coal gas administered before narcotization can shorten the recovery time from ether narcosis. 7. Under specified conditions corresponding to those, used during narcosis by Drosophila-workers some differences in recovery time after etherization due to genetical differences could be established. Significant differences also exist between some Drosophila species, races and mutants in their resistance to carbon dioxide, asphyxiation and hydrocyanic acid gas.

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Amine-Based Carbon Dioxide Capture: Densities of CO2-Loaded Monoethanolamine Aqueous Solution at 10 to 90 °C

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.319.47 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

Sholeh Ma'mun ◽

Afif Dwijayanto

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Excess Molar Volumes ◽

Pure Component ◽

Average Error ◽

Molar Volumes ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Volumetric Expansion ◽

Gas Removal ◽

High Concentrations

The global warming phenomenon has led to world climate change caused by high concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) especially carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced in large quantities from fuel combustions, gas sweetening processes, etc. Since its emission rises annually, some efforts to reduce the emission are, therefore, required. Monoethanolamine (MEA), a primary amine, has been widely used for many years for acid gas removal. To get a better column performance, an accurate physical properties measurement, such as density, needs to be conducted. This study aims to measure the densities of 10 wt.% MEA aqueous solutions at temperatures from 10 to 90 °C and CO2 loadings up to 0.417 mol CO2/mol MEA. The results show that the higher the concentration of CO2 the higher the density at a constant temperature, while the densities decrease as temperatures increase due to volumetric expansion. Besides, an expression to correlate the densities of 10 wt.% MEA aqueous solutions was also developed based on the pure-component molar volumes together with the excess molar volumes. The average error of the measurement was found to be 0.18%.

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