Acridine Orange Hemi(Zinc Chloride) Salt as a Lewis Acid‐Photoredox Hybrid Catalyst for the Generation of α‐Carbonyl Radicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Das ◽  
Tanumoy Mandal ◽  
Suman De Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Hybrid Catalyst

Cellulose aerogels prepared from an aqueous zinc chloride salt hydrate melt

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 642-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Schestakow ◽  
Ilknur Karadagli ◽  
Lorenz Ratke
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Salt Hydrate

Synthesis of Symmetrical N,N′-Alkylidene Bisamides Using Zinc Chloride as a Lewis Acid Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xia Shen ◽  
Ying Lin Shen ◽  
Yi Feng Han ◽  
Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Lewis Acid Catalyst ◽  
Anhydrous Zinc Chloride

N,N-alkylidene bisamides were synthesized with good to excellent yields from aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes and amides in the presence of 2 mol % of anhydrous zinc chloride. The synthesis successfully employed Lewis acid as catalyst.

Diels–Alder reactions of 2-carbomethoxy-4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1545-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Jang Liu ◽  
Gerardo Ulíbarri ◽  
Eric N. C. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Stannic Chloride ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Lewis Acid Catalysts ◽  
Keto Ester ◽  
Thermal Reactions ◽  
High Yields

Diels–Alder additions to keto ester 2 proceed in moderate to high yields with a variety of dienes under selected Lewis acid and thermal conditions. Thermal conditions provide the highest total yields for non-functionalized dienes, but Lewis acid catalysts, particularly stannic chloride, provide highly selective additions in greater net yields. A study of several functionalized dienes shows that zinc chloride is particularly effective in catalyzing additions to 2. No difference in stereoselectivity is observed between zinc chloride and thermal reactions for highly functionalized dienes. The significance of the regiochemical and stereochemical results of the Diels–Alder reactions is discussed.

Evaluating the Effects of Zinc Chloride as a Preservative in Cracked Table Olive Packing

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BAUTISTA-GALLEGO ◽  
F. N. ARROYO-LÓPEZ ◽  
V. ROMERO-GIL ◽  
F. RODRÍGUEZ-GÓMEZ ◽  
A. GARRIDO-FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Table Olives ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Table Olive ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

This survey studies the influence of different zinc chloride concentrations (0.050, 0.075, and 0.100%, wt/vol) on the shelf life of “Aceituna Aloreña de Málaga” table olives. The Enterobacteriaceae population significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in treatments containing 0.050 and 0.100% ZnCl2, and those with 0.075% ZnCl2 had also lower average counts than those observed under the usual packaging conditions (0.12% potassium sorbate). Lactic acid bacteria increased for treatments with 0.050 and 0.075% ZnCl2, but in the presence of 0.100% they practically disappeared at the end of the shelf life period (~3 months). With respect to yeasts, populations of these microorganisms significantly decreased with the first two concentrations (0.050 and 0.075%) but showed a slight increase in the presence of 0.100% of ZnCl2, although remaining markedly below populations observed with potassium sorbate packing. The use of this chloride salt also led to products with higher concentrations of sugars in brine because of its selective microbial inhibition. Finally, olives treated with 0.075% ZnCl2 showed an improved sensory profile.

THE ANTISEPTIC ACTION OF THE ZINC CHLORIDE SALT OF ANILINE1

1923 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3106-3108
Author(s):  
J. W. Howard ◽  
F. D. Stimpert
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Chloride Salt

Vacuoles Induced in Mammalian Cells by Helicobacter Cytotoxin are Acidic Organelles

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
M. H. Chestnut ◽  
C. E. Catrenich
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive, Gram-negative spiral bacterium first identified in 1983, and subsequently implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cytotoxic activity, manifested by intracytoplasmic vacuolation of mammalian cells in vitro, was identified in 55% of H. pylori strains examined. The vacuoles increase in number and size during extended incubation, resulting in vacuolar and cellular degeneration after 24 h to 48 h. Vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells is also observed in vivo during infection by H. pylori. A high molecular weight, heat labile protein is believed to be responsible for vacuolation and to significantly contribute to the development of gastroduodenal disease in humans. The mechanism by which the cytotoxin exerts its effect is unknown, as is the intracellular origin of the vacuolar membrane and contents. Acridine orange is a membrane-permeant weak base that initially accumulates in low-pH compartments. We have used acridine orange accumulation in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy of toxin-treated cells to begin probing the nature and origin of these vacuoles.

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