Role of white matter hyperintensities, hemoglobin and vitamin B‐12 on cognitive decline: Two‐year follow‐up data from the Tata Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TLSA)

AbstractObjectiveWhite Matter Hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with cognitive decline in normative aging and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the pathogenesis of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not directly related to vascular causes, and therefore the role of WMHs in PD remains unclear. If WMH has a higher impact on cognitive decline in PD, vascular pathology should be assessed and treated with a higher priority in this population. Here we investigate whether WMH leads to increased cognitive decline in PD, and if these effects relate to cortical thinningMethodsTo investigate the role of WMHs in PD, it is essential to study recently-diagnosed/non-treated patients.De novoPD patients and age-matched controls (NPD=365,NControl=174) with FLAIR/T2-weighted scans at baseline were selected from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). WMHs and cortical thickness were measured to analyse the relationship between baseline WMHs and future cognitive decline (follow-up:4.09±1.14 years) and cortical thinning (follow-up:1.05±0.10 years).ResultsHigh WMH load (WMHL) at baseline in PD was associated with increased cognitive decline, significantly more than i) PDs with low WMHL and ii) controls with high WMHL. Furthermore, PD patients with higher baseline WMHL showed more cortical thinning in right frontal lobe than subjects with low WMHL. Cortical thinning of this region also predicted decline in performance on a cognitive test.InterpretationPresence of WMHs inde novoPD patients predicts greater future cognitive decline and cortical thinning than in normal aging. Recognizing WMHs as a potential predictor of cognitive deficit in PD provides an opportunity for timely interventions.

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Associations of white matter hyperintensities with cognitive decline: A longitudinal study

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1002/alz.037576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (S4) ◽

Author(s):

Yan‐li Wang ◽

Jin‐Tai Yu ◽

Jun Xu ◽

Lan Tan

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

White Matter ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities

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P2-205 Cognitive decline is associated with progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities. A population-based follow-up study

Neurobiology of Aging ◽

10.1016/s0197-4580(04)80951-5 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. S288

Author(s):

Ellen Garde ◽

Erik L. Mortensen ◽

Egill Rostrup

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Population Based ◽

Cerebral White Matter ◽

Follow Up Study

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White matter hyperintensities may be an early marker for age-related cognitive decline in the ADNI cohort

10.1101/2021.09.23.461560 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cassandra Morrison ◽

Mahsa Dadar ◽

Sylvia Villeneuve ◽

D. Louis Collins

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Age Related ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽

Linear Regressions

Background: Previous research suggests that white matter hyperintensities, amyloid, and tau contribute to age-related cognitive decline. It remains unknown as to how these factors relate to one another and how they jointly contribute to cognitive decline in normal aging. This project examines the association between these pathologies and their relationship to cognitive decline. Methods: Cognitively normal older adult data from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were examined. Participants were included if they had no subjective cognitive decline, had baseline white matter hyperintensity, CSF AB42/40, CSF pTau181, and cognitive scores. Of the 102 participants included, only 79 had follow-up cognitive scores. Linear regressions examined the influence of white matter hyperintensities, amyloid, and tau on baseline and follow-up cognitive scores. Linear regressions also examined the association of amyloid and tau on white matter hyperintensities and between tau and amyloid. Results: Increased white matter hyperintensity load was associated with lower baseline memory (B= -0.20, p =.046), follow-up executive functioning (B= -0.32, p<.001), and follow-up ADAS-13 (B=2.69, p<.001) scores. White matter hyperintensities were not related to pTau or AB42/40. Lower AB42/40 was associated with increased pTau (p=.025). pTau was not associated with decline in any cognitive score. Lower AB42/40 was associated with lower baseline (p=.015) but not follow-up executive function. Discussion: White matter hyperintensities may be one of the earliest pathologies observed in healthy older adults that contribute to cognitive decline. The inclusion of white matter hyperintensities as an additional marker for early cognitive decline may improve our current understanding of age-related changes.

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Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and the Risk of Dementia and Cognition Decline

Vascular Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190634230.003.0009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 187-207

Author(s):

Emilia Salvadori ◽

Fabio Fierini ◽

Leonardo Pantoni

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Small Vessel Disease ◽

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽

Small Vessel ◽

Perivascular Spaces ◽

Lacunar Infarcts ◽

Vessel Disease

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is well recognized as a highly prevalent disorder that plays an important role in stroke and cognitive impairment. This chapter deals with the relationship between SVD and cognition in longitudinal studies and aims at clarifying the role of SVD as a marker and determinant of neurocognitive impairment. This chapter discusses the prognostic role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based SVD features (i.e., white matter hyperintensities, small lacunar infarcts, microbleeds, and perivascular spaces) as predictors of dementia or cognitive decline. The evidence reviewed in this chapter provides strong supports for the impact of white matter hyperintensities and small lacunar infarcts in increasing the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. Microbleeds and perivascular spaces have been more recently targeted as MRI features of SVD, and this chapter will review the increasing evidence of their role in cognitive decline.

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Role of deep medullary veins in pathogenesis of lacunes: Longitudinal observations from the CIRCLE study

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x19882918 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 1797-1805 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ying Zhou ◽

Qingqing Li ◽

Ruiting Zhang ◽

Wenhua Zhang ◽

Shenqiang Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

White Matter ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Small Vessel Disease ◽

Microstructural Parameters ◽

Normal Appearing White Matter ◽

Deep Medullary Veins

Our purpose is to assess the role of deep medullary veins in pathogenesis of lacunes in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). We included patients with baseline and 2.5-year follow-up MRI in CIRCLE study. Susceptibility Weighted Imaging-Phase images were used to evaluate deep medullary veins based on a brain region-based visual score, and T2-Fluid-Attenuated-Inversion-Recovery images were used to evaluate lacunes. Cerebral blood flow and microstructural parameters in white matter hyperintensities and normal appearing white matter were also analyzed. A total of 203 cSVD patients were analyzed and 101 (49.8%) patients had baseline lacunes. Among them, 64 patients had follow-up MRI, including 16 (25.0%) with new lacunes. The patients’ deep medullary veins median score was 9 (7–12). At baseline, high deep medullary veins score was independently associated with the presence of lacunes after adjusting for age, diabetes mellitus, white matter hyperintensities volume and cerebral blood flow or white matter microstructural parameters (all p < 0.001). Longitudinally, high deep medullary veins score was independently associated with new lacunes after adjusting for gender ( p < 0.001). The association was also independent of white matter hyperintensities volumes, cerebral blood flow or white matter microstructural parameters (all p < 0.05). Our results suggest that deep medullary veins disruption might be involved in pathogenesis of lacunes.

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Associations of White Matter Hyperintensities with Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-191005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 759-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yan-Li Wang ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Wen-Jie Cai ◽

Hao Hu ◽

Wei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

White Matter ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities

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Social isolation, rather than loneliness, is associated with cognitive decline in older adults: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720001026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Bin Yu ◽

Andrew Steptoe ◽

Yongjie Chen ◽

Xiaohua Jia

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Mental Status ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Confounding Variables

Abstract Background Social isolation and loneliness have each been associated with cognitive decline, but most previous research is limited to Western populations. This study examined the relationships of social isolation and loneliness on cognitive function among Chinese older adults. Methods This study used two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and analyses were restricted to those respondents aged 50 and older. Social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures on cognitive function were obtained for 7761 participants (mean age = 60.97, s.d. = 7.31; male, 50.8%). Lagged dependent variable models adjusted for confounding factors were used to evaluate the association between baseline isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function at follow-up. Results Loneliness was significantly associated with the cognitive decline at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.03, p < 0.01; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) in the partially adjusted models. These associations became insignificant after additional confounding variables (chronic diseases, health behaviors, disabilities, and depressive symptoms) were taken into account (all p > 0.05). By contrast, social isolation was significantly associated with decreases in all cognitive function measures at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.05, p < 0.001; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) even after controlling for loneliness and all confounding variables. Conclusions Social isolation is associated with cognitive decline in Chinese older adults, and the relationships are independent of loneliness. These findings expand our knowledge about the links between social relationships and the cognitive function in non-Western populations.

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