Solidification behavior of acylglycerols in fatty acid methyl esters and effects on the cold flow properties of biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Seniorita ◽  
Eiji Minami ◽  
Haruo Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Solidification Behavior ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

Formate Esters Containing Biodiesel - Diesel Mixed Fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Valdis Kampars ◽  
Anastasija Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Formate ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Carbon Residue ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The blends of varying proportions of biodiesel (FAME) containing formate esters of glycerol and 93.0 wt.% fatty acid methyl esters, obtained in an interesterification reaction with methyl formate without further purification, and winter diesel fuel, were prepared, analyzed and compared with winter diesel fuel. The obtained results showed that blends comprising up to 20 vol.% of FAME fulfill the requirements of the standard LVS EN 590 concerning such characteristics as cold flow properties, viscosity, density, and carbon residue. The increase of FAME content worsens the cold flow properties; however, the mixed fuel with 20 vol.% or lower FAME content, according to the cloud point and cold filter plugging point values, remains in the same severe climate "Class 0" group as winter fuel. The carbon residue of mixed fuels raises with increasing FAME content, but stay low and do not exceed the limits of standard for mixtures with FAME percentage up to 20 vol.%. The comparison of mixed fuels containing 20 vol.% of FAME and the same amount of neat biodiesel (99.6 wt.% of fatty acid methyl esters) shows that the difference is negligible. The obtained results have indicated a good potential of FAME obtained in the interesterification reaction with methyl formate without further purification as a diesel fuel additive for up to 20 vol.%.

The effect of bio-derived additives on fatty acid methyl esters for improved biodiesel cold flow properties

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Senra ◽  
Stephanie N. McCartney ◽  
Lindsay Soh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

Enhancing Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel Derived from Cottonseed Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2373-2377
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Chen ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Ling Ling Cai ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Ya Li Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The chemical compositions of cottonseed oil biodiesel (CSME) are analyzed by using the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The cold flow properties of CSME is studied by cold filer plugging point (CFPP) tester and crystallization mechanism of biodiesel, three approaches for enhancing cold flow properties of CSME are put forward: crystallization fractionation; blending with winter petrodiesel; and treating with cold flow improver (CFI) additives. A significant correlation model is proposed for predicting CFPP by CSME blending ratio. The study shows that the CSME is mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFSMEs): C14:0~C24:0 and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs): C16:1~C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME is 32.12 and 66.19%, respectively. The CFPP of CSME is 6 °C. Crystallization fractionation and blending with-10PD decrease the CFPP of CSME to-1 °C and-12 °C, respectively. Adding Flow Fit, Flow Fit K and T818 additives 1.5 v% decreases the CFPP of CME and CME/-10PD to 0 and-26 °C, respectively. This study has effectively enhanced cold flow properties of CSME and provides technical support for using CSME.

Mechanism of Flow Properties for Biodiesel Blends at Low Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
Yong Cui ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yong Bin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The chemical composition of biodiesel was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cold filter plugging point of biodiesel was measured according to GB/T 20828-2007. The cold flow properties of biodiesel were investigated on the basis of the crystallization theory, including chemical composition and molecular structure. Biodiesel might be considered a pseudobinary mixture, namely, high-melting-point saturated fatty acid methyl esters and low–melting-point unsaturated ones. Bilayer crystal structure of biodiesel was founded. Bilayer structure with headgroups aligned next to each other inside the crystal and away from nonpolar bulk liquid was large platelet lamellae. The results showed that biodiesel was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (C14:0～C24:0 ) and unsaturated ones(C16:1～C22:1、C18:2 and C18:3 ). The cold flow properties for biodiesel were determined mainly by the amount and molecular structure of saturated fatty acid methyl esters. The long-straight-chain saturated fatty acid methyl esters tend to have relatively poor cold flow properties. The cold flow properties worsen with increasing the amount and carbon chain length of straight-chain saturated fatty acid methyl esters. The ways of adjusting biodiesel composition and treating with depression of cold filter plugging point were given; they could improve cold flow properties.

Improving Flow Properties of Rapeseed-Based Biodiesel at Low Temperatures

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Cui Ying Lu ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Wu Jie Ge ◽  
Su Rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The cold flow properties of rapeseed-based biodiesel (RME) were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), multifunctional low temperature tester and thermal analysis. Two approaches for reducing cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of RME were investigated: blending with winter petrodiesel, treating with cold flow improver (CFI) additives and the effect of CFI to combustion characteristics of RME. A good correlation model was proposed for prediction CFPP by RME blending ratio. The study shows that the RME was mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME): C14:0–C24:0, C16:1–C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAME) was 14.69% and 83.40%, respectively. The CFPP of RME was -7 °C. Blending with -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) decreased the CFPP to -12 °C. Treating with CFI additives (volume fraction ≤ 1.5%) decreased the CFPP of RME and RME/-10PD to -11 and -28 °C, respectively. Small amount of CFI additives hardly affected combustion characteristics of biodiesel. This study has effectively improved cold flow properties of biodiesel and provided guide for using biodiesel at low temperatures.

Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel Derived from Palm

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The chemical compositions of biodiesel derived from palm (PME) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The cold flow properties of PME were studied by multifunctional low temperature tester, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solution crystallization theory. Three approaches for improving cold flow properties of PME were put forward: crystallization fractionation, blending with winter petrodiesel and treating with cold flow improver (CFI) additives. A good correlation model was proposed for prediction cold filter plugging point (CFPP) by winter petrodiesel blending ratio. The study shows that the PME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFAME): C14:0-C24:0 and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAME): C16:1-C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME was 35.86% and 62.83%, respectively. The CFPP of PME was 8°C. Crystallization fractionation and blending with -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) decreased the CFPP to 0 and -12°C, respectively. Treating with CFI additives (volume fraction ≤ 1.5%) decreased the CFPP of PME and PME/-10PD to 2 and -26°C, respectively. This study has effectively improved cold flow properties of PME and provided theoretical support for using PME during cold weather.

The Effect of Biodiesel Composition on Characteristics of Blended Summer Diesel Fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Valdis Kampars ◽  
Ruta Kampare ◽  
Anastasija Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Good Potential

The blends of varying proportions of biodiesel fuel containing fatty acid methyl esters and triacetin (FAME*), synthesised accordingly to Latvian patent LV 15 373 and summer diesel were prepared, analysed and compared with diesel fuel. The selected fuel properties (viscosity, density, carbon residue and cold flow properties) tested accordingly to standard LVS-EN 14214 have indicated a good potential of FAME*, obtained by synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by simultaneous conversion of glycerol to triacetin as a renewable diesel engine fuel. The results showed that blends containing 5 to 25% of FAME* in summer diesel yielded the properties closely matching that of diesel.Introduction

Nucleation Mechanism of Biodiesel Derived from Palm Oil at Low Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Jia Min Hu ◽  
Jun Feng Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Supersaturated Solution ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Acid Methyl

The compositions and crystallization process at low temperature of palm-based biodiesel (PME) are investigated. In this work, we show that PME is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters of 14-24 even-numbered C atoms: C14:0-C24:0, C16:1-C22:1, C18:2, and C18:3. Palm-based biodiesel crystallization comprises three steps, viz., forming supersaturated solution, nucleation and ester crystal growth; the driving force for saturated fatty acid methyl esters nucleation is the degree of supersaturation. The rate equation of nucleation is put forward. The objective of this research is to provide theoretical support for hindering the ester crystal nucleation and growth, and improving the cold flow properties of PME.

Study on Cold Flow Properties of Waste Cooking Methyl Ester

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 635-640
Author(s):  
Guang Wu ◽  
Jia Hui Shong ◽  
Shen Tao Xu ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Flow Improver

The chemical compositions of waste cooking methyl ester (WCME) were analyzed by GC-MS, and the cold flow properties of WCME were studied by cold filer plugging point tester and viscosity tester. Through blending with petrodiesel and adding cold flow improver (CFI), the cold flow properties of WCME were improved efficiently. The study shows that WCME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAME), and contents of SFAME and UFAME were 27.63 and 71.81 w%, respectively. The cold filer plugging point (CFPP) of WCME was 0 °C, and the viscosity of it was 4.41 mm2·s-1 at 40 °C. Blending with 0 petrodiesel (0PD) and-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) decreased the CFPP of WCME to-4 °C and-13 °C, respectively. Meanwhile with WCME blending ratio increasing the viscosities of blending oils increased at the same temperature, and the viscosities increased gradually when the temperature decreased. Treating with CFI could significantly reduce the CFPP of blending oils which were composed of WCME and petrodiesel. The viscosities of blending oils with adding CFI were slightly higher than those with out CFI.

Crystallization Status of Palm Oil Biodiesel under Low Temperature Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Ling Ling Cai ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Xing Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Lamellar Crystal ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The composition of palm methyl ester (PME) was determined and quantified by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Cold flow properties of PME was studied by means of cold filter plugging point tester and kinematic viscosity tester and the solution crystallization theory, at the same time to observe the crystalline mechanism with low temperature phase contrast microscope. Experimental results showed that PME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAME), PME has a poor cold flow properties because of its more SFAME content. Observation results of the microscope showed that, the crystallization of PME at a steady cooling rate was lamellar crystal for rules. With the reduction of temperature, lamellar crystal increased gradually, and aggregated together. The higher the cooling rate was, the smaller the lamellar crystal and the irregular shape was.

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