Rigid polyurethane foams with halogen‐free flame retardants: Thermal insulation, mechanical, and flame retardant properties

Polyurethane foams (PUFs) filled with several halogen-free flame retardants and composite halogen-free flame retardants were prepared. The flame retardant, thermal stable and mechanical properties of the PUFs were investigated. The results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that PUFs filled with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) had better flame retardancy compared with other flame retardants and DMMP degraded at a low temperature to form several phosphorated acids which accelerated the formation of char layer. Composite flame retardant of DMMP and melamine (MA) had a synergistic effect between phosphorus and nitrogen. The combination of DMMP and MA slightly altered the density of the PUFs. Results from the mechanical analysis revealed that with the increase in concentration of MA in the composite flame retardant of DMMP and MA, the tensile strength of PUFs reduced firstly and then increased up to a constant.

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Flame retardant and thermal decomposition properties of flexible polyurethane foams filled with several halogen-free flame retardants

Polymer Engineering & Science ◽

10.1002/pen.23794 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 2497-2507 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Cheng-Qun Wang ◽

Hai-Ning Lv ◽

Jie Sun ◽

Zai-Sheng Cai

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Flexible Polyurethane ◽

Halogen Free ◽

Decomposition Properties

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Inherently flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams with excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties

Polymer ◽

10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.068 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 153 ◽

pp. 616-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Shui-Xiu Wang ◽

Hai-Bo Zhao ◽

Wen-Hui Rao ◽

Sheng-Chao Huang ◽

Ting Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foams

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Preparation and Characterization of Excellent Flame Retarded Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1563 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 374-377 ◽

pp. 1563-1566

Author(s):

An Zhen Zhang ◽

Yi He Zhang

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Dimethyl Methylphosphonate ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽

Foaming Process ◽

Flame Retarded

Rigid polyurethane foams were excellent thermal insulation materials with widely used, which was highly flammable at the same time. In order to obtain safe application, flame retarded polyurethane foams were needed. In this paper, series flame retarded rigid polyurethane foams were prepared with loading different flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate, expandable graphite, red phosphorus, Tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate and dimethyl methylphosphonate. The effects of flame retardants on the foaming-process and flame retardant property of the rigid polyurethane foams were investigated by otary viscometer and limiting oxygen index. The results showed that the combination of solid and liquid flame retardants was necessary to improve the flame retardant and different flame retardants played synergistic roles in rigid polyurethane foams. The limiting oxygen indexes of the foams could be up to 30wt% and 29.6% with 25wt% solid flame retardants and 10wt% liquid retardants, respectively.

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Biobased Polyols Using Thiol-Ene Chemistry for Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Enhanced Flame-Retardant Properties

JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS ◽

10.7569/jrm.2017.634105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

C. K. Ranaweera ◽

M. Ionescu ◽

N. Bilic ◽

X. Wan ◽

P. K. Kahol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

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The Effects of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Additives in Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1107 ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

A.I.H.Dayang Habibah ◽

Abd Rahim Ruhida

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽

Standard Type ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

The Usa ◽

The Difference ◽

Flame Retardant Properties ◽

Halogen Free

Legislation on fire safety requirements especially in the USA and UK has been the driving force behind the use of halogen-free flame retardants (FR) in recent years. The present study describes the effect of inorganic fillers, namely aluminium hydroxides (ATH) on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) in order to increase its flame retardant capability. Two different types of ATH, a standard type Apyral 60 CD (ATH 60) and a submicron sized Apyral 200 SM (ATH 200) were used. The flame-retardant ENR composite was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94V, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to study the combustion behavior and thermal stability. The finer particles size (ATH 200) as expected produced better flame retardant properties (measured by LOI) compared to ATH 60; however, the difference between the values is marginal. It was also observed that a combination of 100 pphr ATH 200 and 60 pphr ATH 60 gave the highest LOI value (29.4%) in ENR compounds. The compound was V0 rated in UL-94V burn test. Even at the higher loading, it was also found that the compound exhibited lower viscosity indicating its easier processability.

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