scholarly journals Hybrid organic‐inorganic acid catalysts: The effect of active sites localization on catalytic characteristics in the processes of alcohols' etherification. A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 51926
Author(s):  
Nina V. Vlasenko ◽  
Peter E. Strizhak
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Inorganic Acid

scholarly journals Silica-supported sulfonic acids as recyclable catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 2173-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Maggi ◽  
N Raveendran Shiju ◽  
Veronica Santacroce ◽  
Giovanni Maestri ◽  
Franca Bigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Converting biomass into value-added chemicals holds the key to sustainable long-term carbon resource management. In this context, levulinic acid, which is easily obtained from cellulose, is valuable since it can be transformed into a variety of industrially relevant fine chemicals. Here we present a simple protocol for the selective esterification of levulinic acid using solid acid catalysts. Silica supported sulfonic acid catalysts operate under mild conditions and give good conversion and selectivity with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols. The sulfonic acid groups are tethered to the support using organic tethers. These tethers may help in preventing the deactivation of the active sites in the presence of water.

scholarly journals Investigating the role of framework topology and accessible active sites in silicoaluminophosphates for modulating acid-catalysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
pp. 5155-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Potter ◽  
Julija Kezina ◽  
Richard Bounds ◽  
Marina Carravetta ◽  
Thomas M. Mezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Beckmann Rearrangement ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts

Framework topology and the acid sites significantly influence the Beckmann rearrangement, affecting the design of solid-acid catalysts.

scholarly journals Variation of the properties of sol–gel synthesized bioactive glass 45S5 in organic and inorganic acid catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Kishore Chakraborty ◽  
Jaideep Adhikari ◽  
Prosenjit Saha
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Inorganic Acid ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Sol–gel synthesis of BG 45S5 using organic acetic acid as a catalyst was found to be superior to the conventional inorganic acid method.

Effects of inorganic acid catalysts on liquefaction of wood in phenol

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhui Zhang ◽  
Guangjie Zhao ◽  
Jinpeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Inorganic Acid

The active sites of microporous solid acid catalysts

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Shah ◽  
Julian D. Gale ◽  
Michael C. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts

What catalysis needs from the electron microscopist

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Alexis T. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Porous Support

Heterogeneous catalysts, used in industry for the production of fuels and chemicals, are microporous solids characterized by a high internal surface area. The catalyticly active sites may occur at the surface of the bulk solid or of small crystallites deposited on a porous support. An example of the former case would be a zeolite, and of the latter, a supported metal catalyst. Since the activity and selectivity of a catalyst are known to be a function of surface composition and structure, it is highly desirable to characterize catalyst surfaces with atomic scale resolution. Where the active phase is dispersed on a support, it is also important to know the dispersion of the deposited phase, as well as its structural and compositional uniformity, the latter characteristics being particularly important in the case of multicomponent catalysts. Knowledge of the pore size and shape is also important, since these can influence the transport of reactants and products through a catalyst and the dynamics of catalyst deactivation.

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